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According to the text, marijuana is not physically addicting.
a. True
b. False
The concept of the chronic offender is most closely associated with the research efforts
of Mark Lipsey and associates.
a. True
b. False
What two concepts do social reaction theorists indicate apply to labeling?
a. Interaction, stigmatizing
b. Interpretation, symbolic interaction
c. Stigmatizing, interpretation
d. Interaction, interpretation
More than _____ of all married couples with school-age children (ages 6 to 17) have
both parents working outside the home.
a. one-half
b. one-quarter
c. nine-tenths
d. two-thirds
Reporting practices of local law enforcement agencies are not of concern when
considering the validity of the UCR.
a. True
b. False
The use of personal decision making and choice as employed by law enforcement is the
definition of ______.
a. community policing
b. biased justice
c. a community-based policing service
d. discretion
When considering the validity of self-report studies, researchers do not consider the
phenomenon of missing cases to be of concern.
a. True
b. False
An officer's conforming to community standards when deciding on a course of action is
an example of what type of factor influencing discretion?
a. Environmental
b. Situational
c. Community
d. Police policy
The largest contingent of police officers in city schools, numbering 5,000, is in New
York City. These officers are called _____.
a. police school officers
b. school safety agents
c. officers of the school
d. security officers
According to Jeffrey Fagan, this type of gang concentrates on drug use and sales,
forgoing most delinquent behavior except vandalism.
a. Social gang
b. Party gang
c. Serious delinquent gang
d. Organized gang
The most common crimes committed by male offenders are also the most common
crimes committed by female offenders.
a. True
b. False
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what was the primary method of
discipline used by teachers to discipline students for academic mistakes and moral
lapses?
a. Wearing a dunce hat
b. Harsh looks
c. Dispensed by the father
d. Flogging
The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in _____.
a. 1850
b. 1899
c. 1920
d. 1945
Social disorganization theory holds that delinquency is tied to the personal
characteristics or culture of the residents as opposed to the neighborhood
characteristics.
a. True
b. False
The first mention of youth gangs in America occurred in the _____.
a. early 1900s
b. late 1780s
c. late 1860s
d. early 1820s
_____ refers to loosely organized groups of children who share interests and activities.
a. Cohorts
b. Crowds
c. Dyads
d. Cliques
A ____ is where juveniles are required to stay at home during specified periods of time.
a. home stay
b. house arrest
c. home school
d. domestic restraint
In the contemporary era, the correctional focus remains on the control and
micromanagement of girls' bodies and sexuality.
a. True
b. False
Taking a person into custody is called an arrest.
a. True
b. False
______, in the public health approach, focuses on improving the general well-being of
individuals through such measures as access to health care services and general
prevention education.
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. General prevention
In _____, the Court held that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury.
a. In re Gault
b. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
c. In re Winship
d. Kent v. U.S.
The high school dropout rate would be highest in which type of school?
a. Rural agricultural
b. Urban middle-class
c. Urban upscale
d. Inner-city, predominantly minority
Which explanation offered does not address the wide variation of state-level juvenile
custody rates? The states with high rates have _____________.
a. high rates of juvenile property crime and adult violent crime
b. a cultural acceptance of punitive policies
c. higher adult custody rates
d. more children than other states
Mandy has a successful and lucrative career with a supportive family and boyfriend.
Sampson and Laub would say Mandy has which of the following?
a. Strong support network
b. Social capital
c. Encouraging boss and family
d. Positive reinforcement
Most juvenile sex offenders are teenagers, but about 26% of those who come to the
attention of law enforcement are younger than 12 years of age.
a. True
b. False
Disaggregated refers to analyzing the relationship between two or more independent
variables while controlling for the influence of a dependent variable.
a. True
b. False
The _____ gives the juvenile the opportunity to have the case brought before a
reviewing court after it has been heard in juvenile or family court.
a. final order
b. adjudication review committee
c. writ of habeas corpus
d. appellate process
Any physical, emotional, or sexual trauma to a child, including neglecting to give
proper care and attention, for which no reasonable explanation can be found, is called
____.
a. child abuse
b. child neglect
c. child battering
d. abandonment
Males self-report more engagement in hunting than do females. How many more times
did males report hunting than did females according to the self-report studies?
a. Three
b. Five
c. Six
d. Ten
Public schools can gain access to juvenile records.
a. True
b. False
What system values the work of men and devalues the work of women?
a. Socialist
b. Patriarchal
c. Authoritarian
d. Capitalist
Which statement is not true regarding a juvenile's decision to waive his or her Miranda
rights?
a. It does not require the presence of parents or lawyers.
b. It is a violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights.
c. Its legality is determined by the totality of the circumstances.
d. Its constitutionality was established in People v. Lara.
Who are at-risk youth? How do substandard living conditions contribute to this
problem. Would you add other factors to those addressed in the text as putting youth at
risk? Provide a rationale for your view.
Those countries recognized by the United Nations as the richest countries in the world
are called ____ countries.
Explain the development of gangs from the 1600s in London, from the 1920s in the
United States, to the development of contemporary gangs.
On what type of crimes does the threat of informal sanctions have the greatest
influence?
Most courts have concluded that ______ need not be present for children to effectively
waive their rights to remain silent.
Discuss how liberal feminism has influenced thinking about delinquency. Explain why
you agree or disagree with the view that feminism has influenced thoughts on
delinquency.
Good parenting lowers the risk of delinquency for children living in _____.
Discuss the current trends in regard to the privacy of juvenile records.
Discuss juvenile victimization trends. Be sure to include male/female victimization
experiences, rates of serious crime experiences, and rates of increase or decline; also
address juvenile reports of victimization. Why do you think juveniles would report or
not report being victims of crime? Provide a rationale for your view.
Discuss the impact of urbanization on delinquency in the late eighteenth to early
twentieth century.
In considering Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory, describe the concept of social
capital, including examples. Explain why you agree or disagree with this theory.
______ are natural or synthetic substances that produce vivid distortions of the senses
without greatly disturbing consciousness.
What is the goal of data mining?
Discuss the anomie/alienation view of why youths join gangs. Do you agree or disagree
with this theory? Explain.
Discuss how peer pressure is a rationale for drug use.
A(n) _____ factor would decrease the likelihood of delinquency in the future.
The ____ has the most accurate international survey of homicides.
Prevention efforts should be directed at strengthening what two areas according to
individual perspectives on delinquency?
The federal agency created to administer grants and provide guidance for crime
prevention policy and programs is the _____.
A home where one or both parents are absent due to divorce or separation is called a
_____.
