On the whole, the level of detention is decreasing.
a. True
b. False
Life-course theorists are particularly interested in understanding why one youth persists
in crime while another youth is able to desist.
a. True
b. False
______ dispatched trained social workers to seek out and meet with youth gangs three
to four times a week on the gang’s own turf.
a. Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
b. Chicago Area Project
c. Boston’s Mid-City Project
d. Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study
Cocaine is the most powerful natural stimulant.
a. True
b. False
Males and females join gangs in relatively equal numbers.
a. True
b. False
Romantic love may have a mitigating effect on gang involvement.
a. True
b. False
Intervention programs are focused on teenage youths considered to be at higher risk for
engaging in petty delinquency acts, using drugs or alcohol, or associating with
antisocial peers.
a. True
b. False
After adolescence, age is inversely related to criminality; as youthful offenders mature,
their offending rates decline.
a. True
b. False
Positivists believe that behavior is a function of often uncontrollable factors, such as
mental illness.
a. True
b. False
A poor economy may actually aid in lowering delinquency rates because the
opportunities available to youth to engage in criminal behavior are limited.
a. True
b. False
The child savers’ movement spurred states to develop specialized educational facilities
for juvenile delinquents called halfway houses.
a. True
b. False
Labels become the basis of personal identity; as the labels become more and more
negatively enforced by feedback from significant persons in the youth’s life, the youth’s
identity transforms. What is this process called?
a. Dramatization of evil
b. Labeled deviant
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy
In the United States, _____ states have no standard minimum age at which a young
person can be held criminally responsible.
a. 10
b. 25
c. 36
d. 41
A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy focuses on delinquency prevention as well as
expanding options for handling juvenile offenders.
a. True
b. False
Males and females are taught to value independence.
a. True
b. False
Secondary deviance produces a deviance amplification effect.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following risk factors would have the greatest impact on juvenile
delinquency?
a. School problems
b. Property crime
c. Truancy
d. Fighting
Most juvenile offenders diagnosed with a mental disorder receive treatment.
a. True
b. False
This case, Oklahoma Publishing Co. v. District Court, along with which other case
attempted to balance the right to privacy with the freedom of the press in juvenile court
proceedings?
a. Alaska v. Davis
b. Roper v. Simmons
c. Miller v. Alabama
d. Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co.
In _____ , the courts held that schools were allowed to administer drug-testing
programs to student athletes.
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
c. Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
d. Wisconsin v. Yoder
According to marketing research, youths in one particular age group watch violent
horror movies at a higher rate than any other age group. What is the age demographic to
whom the marketing research is referring?
a. 9″11
b. 11″14
c. 14″16
d. 15″17
“Losers” refer to those heavy drug users who are of limited value to gangs.
a. True
b. False
A social gang is involved in few delinquent activities and little drug use other than
alcohol and marijuana use.
a. True
b. False
Globalization has allowed criminal gangs, but not individual offenders, to gain
tremendous operational benefits while reducing risks of apprehension and punishment.
a. True
b. False
One study puts the total cost of a murder, which includes victim costs plus costs to the
justice system, at just under _____.
a. $1 million
b. $5 million
c. $ 8 million
d. $10 million
According to the text, the explanation for the increase in female criminality is a
function of some aspect of our society. What is that function?
a. Changing role of women
b. Cultural changes
c. Political movements
d. Feminist arguments
Cognitive theory focuses on the way people perceive and mentally represent the world
around them as well as how they solve problems.
a. True
b. False
One similarity between the adult and juvenile justice systems is the _____.
a. use of attorneys
b. primacy of the Miranda warning
c. role of juries
d. emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation
The _____ is the criminal court that deals with adult offenders or juveniles who have
been transferred from youth court.
a. Crown Court
b. adult court
c. Crown’s ProsecutionService
d. criminal court
Any justice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent
act is called delinquency prevention.
a. True
b. False
Delinquency prevention programs receive a fraction of what is spent on the juvenile
justice system to deal with young people once they have broken the law.
a. True
b. False
What research is representative of the view that certain characteristics of delinquent
youths increase the probability that they will be aggressive and antisocial and that their
actions will involve them with agents of social control?
a. Personality research
b. Cognitive research
c. Nature and nurture research
d. Social learning research
One of the most common forms of child abuse involves siblings.
a. True
b. False
A limited number of delinquency theories portray antisocial behavior as the outcome of
social problems.
a. True
b. False
Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the
laws of those countries is called ____.
According to the _____ view of gang membership, youths join gangs for protection,
fun, survival, and to enhance their lifestyle.
A _____ is a method of enforcement in which police, armed with arrest warrants, enter
a neighborhood in force in an operation to make as many arrests as possible.
Who developed “code of the streets”? Describe the two cultural forces addressed in this
theory. It is stated that living in an impoverished, crime rich community places youth at
risk for engaging in delinquent behavior; it is also stated that the two orientations
socially organize the community. Do you agree or disagree with these statements?
Provide a rationale for you view.
What is the process of removing juveniles from adult jails and placing them in
community-based programs to avoid the stigma attached to these facilities?
A group of high school students were part of a sample who were asked to reveal their
own participation in delinquent or criminal acts. What were the students asked to
complete?
The decision by police not to arrest female suspects is called the______.
An ______ is a person who has access to criminal networks and shares information
with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment under conditions of
anonymity.
Burglary, motor vehicle theft, vandalism, and larceny are all examples of what type of
crime?
What is restorative justice? Discuss the seven core values that characterize restorative
justice.
Discuss the possible relationship between early puberty and victimization. Explain why
you agree or disagree with this theory that such a relationship exists.
According to the text, what does research indicate about gender differences in cognitive
performances?
Rather than a product of other social problems, how does problem behavior syndrome
(PBS) portray crime?
______ is a comprehensive program used in secondary schools that reduces school
disorder and aims to improve the school environment.
The requirement that police inform suspects of their constitutional rights is called the
____.
The text speaks to “the many faces of delinquency prevention.” Explain what is meant
by this turn of phrase.
As the size of the Black population increases, the perceived threat to the White
population increases, resulting in a greater amount of social control imposed against
African Americans by police. What is this theory called?
In _____, the Court held that any injury resulting from the disclosure of a juvenile’s
record is outweighed by the right to completely cross-examine an adverse witness.
Today, theorists focus attention on what two conditions that promote antisocial
behavior?
List the duties of the juvenile court judge. Explain why it is difficult to attract
well-trained individuals for juvenile courts in limited or specialized jurisdictions?