Adolescents who use and distribute small amounts of drugs usually distribute these
drugs to strangers.
a. True
b. False
In Arizona v. Gant, the Supreme court placed limitations on ______.
a. aggressive law enforcement
b. warrantless search
c. illegal search
d. police searches of automobiles
School is the primary unit in which children learn the values and attitudes that
guidetheir behavior.
a. True
b. False
People often interpret symbolic gestures from others, but rarely incorporate them in
their self-image.
a. True
b. False
Violent crime is one of the biggest problems facing Mexico, spurred on by gang
violence and the sale of illegal drugs.
a. True
b. False
In re Gault established due process rights for juveniles.
a. True
b. False
Intermediate sanctions generally target repeat minor offenders with sanctions such as
probation.
a. True
b. False
In their early teens, Jack, Cole, and Hardy live in areas where both conventional and
delinquent activities are limited and adult role models are in absentia. Applying
differential opportunity theory, Jack, Cole, and Hardy are likely to join one of three
types of gangs to in order to achieve what they consider success.
Hardy lives in a stable lower-class area that promotes an environment for successful
delinquent enterprise. Hardy was recruited into a gang that would provide him training
for a successful delinquent career. What type of gang did Hardy join?
a. Criminal gang
b. Conflict gang
c. Rebellion gang
d. Retreatist gang
Regarding school effects on delinquency, research indicates that school climate does not
negatively impact youth as much as academic failure.
a. True
b. False
The courts have struck down most juvenile curfew laws as unconstitutional.
a. True
b. False
Mass murders in which a spouse and one or more children are slain are called _____.
a. infanticide
b. regicide
c. parricide
d. familicide
Officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders are called juvenile officers.
a. True
b. False
Introverted people may use drugs as an escape from real or imagined feelings of
inferiority.
a. True
b. False
Jack wants to investigate the developmental theory that focuses on changes in
criminality over the life span. Which of the following theories would Jack investigate?
a. Life-course
b. Propensity
c. Behavior
d. Trajectory
Which of the following best describes Beccaria’s position on punishment?
a. Severe and swift enough to deter crime
b. Sufficiently severe, certain, and swift
c. Certain and sufficiently severe
d. Swift and certain
Reviews of research show that juvenile delinquent acts tend to be committed in small
groups, rather than by youths acting alone. This is called _____.
a. gang banging
b. wilding
c. co-offending
d. group participation
A family composed of parents and their children is called a nuclear family.
a. True
b. False
American students consistently outperform Chinese students on standardized students.
a. True
b. False
Rosalind wants to research the theory that asserts our culture polarizes males and
females, thereby forcing them into exclusive gender roles of “feminine” or “masculine.”
Which of the following would Rosalind research?
a. Chivalry theory
b. Role theory
c. Gender-schema theory
d. Power-control theory
Delinquency prevention programs always involve the juvenile justice system.
a. True
b. False
That the amount of proof required in a juvenile delinquency adjudication must be
beyond a reasonable doubt was the holding of the Court in _____.
a. In re Gault
b. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
c. In re Winship
d. Kent v. U.S.
Most juveniles are housed in private institutions administered by private agencies.
a. True
b. False
Operation Ceasefire is an initiative to make peace between rival gangs.
a. True
b. False
It is generally safe to assume that the drug-related surveys are accurate.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following would not be considered an individual risk factor?
a. Jack has ready access to weapons
b. Jill’s antisocial behavior began at an early age
c. It was reported Jack has poor cognitive development
d. Jill is considered to have low behavioral inhibition
According to the most recent study of waivers, _____ of juveniles tried in adult
criminal court are actually sent to prison.
a. 13%
b. 27%
c. 40%
d. 52%
Which of the following refers to nineteenth-century reformers who developed programs
for troubled youth?
a. Red Cross
b. Child savers
c. Juvenile reform officers
d. Moral reformers
The low self-control children model may be intergenerational.
a. True
b. False
Problem-oriented policing focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of
juvenile delinquency.
a. True
b. False
When a parent fails to provide adequate food, shelter, or medical care for their children,
it is called _____.
a. child abuse
b. physical neglect
c. abandonment
d. infanticide
Regardless of the size of the police department, only those officers trained specifically
to deal with juvenile offenders will ever be involved in handling juvenile cases.
a. True
b. False
_____ gangs tend to victimize members of their own ethnic group, are more organized
than other types of gangs, have recognizable leaders, and tend to be secretive.
a. Hispanic
b. African American
c. Anglo
d. Asian
About _____ of the teenage population distributes multiple substances and commits
both property and violent crimes; many are gang members.
a. 2%
b. 3%
c. 8%
d. 12%
Joan is 16 years old and has a habit of staying out past curfew drinking with her friends;
she was restricted to her room several times over the summer by her parents as
punishment for her behavior. Joan asked her parents if she could go to a back-to-school
party with her friends, promising that she would not drink and would be home before
curfew. As it was the end of the summer (and even though she was restricted to her
room for staying out past her curfew and coming home somewhat drunk the week
before) her parents relented, knowing Joan may not keep her promise. Joan, after
drinking with her friends, drove home shortly after curfew. When she was almost home,
there was an accident. While Joan suffered very minor injuries, the neighbor’s home
was not as lucky. Substantial property damage occurred as Joan drove across the
neighbor’s yard and through their garage door. In addition to demolishing the garage
door, there was structural damage to the house and the vehicle parked inside the garage
was damaged, as well as the extensive landscaping in the front yard. The airbag in
Joan’s car deployed, causing the insurance company to consider the car a total loss.The
neighbor brought a suit against Joan’s parents for damages to their property.
Considering parental liability statutes, under which general category would the
neighbor’s actions fall?
a. General involvement
b. Criminal liability
c. Delinquency liability
d. Civil liability
A poor family life including abuse, neglect, and harsh punishment as a reason to abuse
drugs is identified as a ____ factor.
The _____ program was set up to help improve the lives of young people at high risk
for delinquency, gang involvement, substance abuse, and other problem behaviors.
The ____ perspective claims that delinquency in adolescents is influence by “behavioral
and attitudinal patterns that have been learned during an individual’s development.”
Discuss the compatibility of the UCR, NCVS, and self-report data sources. Assume that
you are assigned a research project and one of the requirements of the assignment is
that you use one of these data sources. Which of these data sources would you be more
inclined to use? Provide a rationale for your choice.
_____ are juvenile programs that combine get-tough elements from adult programs with
education, substance abuse, and other programs.
Describe the relationship between class and delinquency. Explain why you agree or
disagree that the capitalist system affects youth differently at the different class levels.
Discuss what works, what doesn”t work, and what is promising in regard to
school-based delinquency prevention programs.
According to the text, what, since its publication, remains one of the most important
and heavily researched views of the onset and continuity of a delinquent career?
When did the family structure and the role of children begin to change?
The nonaccidental physical injury of children by their parents or guardians is called
_____.
Under the concept of _____, discipline is one of the assumed parental duties given to
the school system.
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that constitutional privileges against
self-incrimination apply in juvenile as well as adult cases.
Efforts to minimize the harmful effects caused by drug use are known as _____.
In making their decisions, courts are guided by role of the _____, protection of the
_____, and responsibility of the _____.
Discuss the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and delinquency. Be sure
to include the points indicated in the text as clear-cut indicators of the relationship. Do
you agree or disagree that SES is related to delinquency? Provide a rationale for your
view.
Explain Hagedorn’s belief that changing social and economic conditions in the
post-globalization world has supported the spread of gang activity. Do you agree or
disagree? Why or why not?