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What was the purpose of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children?
a. To prevent delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools
b. To take children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on
the prairie
c. To remove abused and neglected children from their homes and assist the court in
making placement decisions
d. To place abused children on orphan trains to be sent West
In 1908 England passed legislation, known as the _____, which mandated young
offenders to be treated differently from adult offenders.
a. Youthful Offenders Act
b. Children Act
c. Adolescent Protection Act
d. Juvenile Offenders Act
Shame is a powerful tool of formal social control.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following refers to English statutes that allowed the courts to appoint
overseers over destitute and neglected children, allowing placement of these children as
servants in the homes of the affluent?
a. Chancery courts
b. Welfare houses
c. Juvenile laws
d. Poor laws
Which of the following completes this sentence? According to Hirschi and Hindelang,
there is a clear link between criminality and
a. low intelligence.
b. school attendance.
c. high intelligence.
d. number of suspensions.
Mechanisms to care for children who are destitute or orphaned have only been in
existence for approximately 150 years.
a. True
b. False
_____ has become a ""national crisis" in England.
a. Cyberbullying
b. Gang-related homicide
c. Underage drinking
d. Child prostitution
_____ neighborhoods are inner-city areas of extreme poverty where the critical social
control mechanisms have broken down.
a. Inefficient
b. Developmental
c. Disorganized
d. Alienated
Direct engagement with a community is a mainstay of the community policing model.
a. True
b. False
_____ determined that a child has due process rights, such as having an attorney present
at waiver hearings.
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b. Vernonia School District v. Acton
c. Kent v. United States
d. Thompson v. Oklahoma
The intake process is generated by the filing of a complaint by the police or some other
agency.
a. True
b. False
What theory links the onset of delinquency to the weakening of the ties that bind people
to society?
a. Social control
b. Social structure
c. Social bond
d. Social ecology
While boys are far more likely to be victims of robbery, girls are far more likely to be
victims of sexual assault.
a. True
b. False
A _____ refers to a court-appointed individual who protects the interests of the child in
cases involving the child's welfare.
a. court-appointed defense attorney
b. social worker
c. social attorney
d. guardian ad litem
By the 12th grade, about _____ of American youth report that they have used illicit
drugs.
a. 27%
b. 40%
c. 57%
d. 61%
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between weather and
delinquent behavior?
a. Spring and summer provide the greatest opportunity for juveniles to commit.
b. More juvenile crime is committed during the fall months.
c. Juveniles commit more violent crime when the weather is warmer.
d. The frequency of violent acts such as sexual assault decline as the weather becomes
colder.
According to the _____ view, youths are encouraged to join gangs during periods of
social, economic, and cultural turmoil.
a. socialization
b. rational choice
c. anomie/alienation
d. psychological
Even if there are serious problems associated with the surveys of drug use by
adolescents, these problems would not affect the measurement of change.
a. True
b. False
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling prevented a juvenile from being tried in two
courts (adult and juvenile), holding that to do so is a violation of the double jeopardy
clause.
a. In re Gault
b. Breed v. Jones
c. Schall v. Martin
d. Miranda v. Arizona
While shame can be a powerful deterrent, young offenders also seem to be influenced
by forgiveness and acceptance.
a. True
b. False
The countries _____ do not have juvenile courts.
a. Austria, Russia, and Holland
b. Denmark, Russia, and Sweden
c. Switzerland, Romania, and Austria
d. Sweden, Denmark, and Germany
Though less than 2% of respondents on national surveys reported using cocaine or
heroin, they accounted for at least ____ of the crime.
a. 40%
b. 20%
c. 10%
d. 80%
The nonaccidental physical injury of children by their parents or guardians is called
_________.
a. infanticide
b. child neglect
c. battered child syndrome
d. first-degree child endangerment
School failure is a direct cause of delinquent behavior.
a. True
b. False
The latest comparative study of teenage drug use in Europe found that ____ students
had used illicit drugs over their lifetime.
a. one in three
b. one in five
c. one in seven
d. one in ten
A feeling of being alone and "away" from others is an example of what type of correlate
of school failure?
a. Personal problems
b. social class
c. Alienation
d. Tracking
Since 1972, dropout rates have remained the highest for _____.
a. Whites
b. African Americans
c. Hispanics
d. Asians
Urbanization created a growing number of at-risk youth in the nation's rural areas.
a. True
b. False
The juvenile defense attorney is a court-appointed attorney who protects the interest of
the child in cases involving the child's welfare.
a. True
b. False
There is no relationship between mothers who work or spend large amounts of time out
of the home and delinquency of the children.
a. True
b. False
Most children live in broken homes, where only one parent lives at home.
a. True
b. False
Your friend is interested in researching delinquency and gangs. Your professor
suggested investigating the theory that combines the principles of strain and social
disorganization theories into a portrayal of a gang-sustaining delinquent culture.
Following the professor's advice, which of the following should your friend investigate?
a. Differential opportunity
b. Strain
c. Differential association
d. Social ecology
Girls are more affected by the post-divorce absence of fathers than are boys.
a. True
b. False
It is estimated that _____ of all crimes in Japan are committed by people under age 20.
a. less than 10%
b. about one-third
c. nearly half
d. nearly all
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the death penalty for juveniles was
unconstitutional.
a. Graham v. Florida
b. In re Gault
c. Atkins v. Virginia
d. Roper v. Simmons
Discuss Positive Action Through Holistic Education (PATHE). Do you think that
schools should be responsible for providing delinquency prevention programs? Explain.
Traditionally, gangs have operated in _____ experiencing rapid population change.
Focusing on conditions within the urban environment that affect delinquency rates is
known as what theory?
What process occurs when offenders begin to understand and recognize their
wrongdoing?
This is said to be at play when delinquency spreads as youth copy the behavior of peers
and siblings.
Implemented in Boston, ______ is one of the most successful examples of
problem-oriented policing focusing on reducing juvenile crime and violence.
It is thought that some youths choose crime as a means of retaliation or to seek revenge
for a real or perceived wrong. Richard Felson states that violence can be used to
achieve a number of specific goals. List and describe the four goals presented by
Felson. Critique Felson's goals. Do you believe the goals may be limited or all
encompassing? Would you include additional goals? If so, what would they be? Provide
a rationale for your views.
Explain ego identity and role diffusion. Why would you consider these concepts
important to understand? Do you believe these concepts to be related to delinquency
and/or problems faced by youth today? Support your views.
What view holds that youths are in charge of their own destinies and are able to make
personal behavior choices unencumbered by environmental factors?
Now referred to as status offenders, what was the early legal designation of youths who
violated the law because of their minority status?
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established a clearly defined procedure for custodial
interrogation.
___ is a form of counseling through which counselors help juveniles understand and
solve their current adjustmentproblems.
What is an informant? Discuss role conflict in regard to using juveniles as informants.
Do you agree or disagree with the practice? Explain.
Discuss the concept of the chronic offender. Do you agree that early, repeated
engagement in delinquency is the best predictor of future adult criminality? Do you
think that "careers in delinquency" is an apropos descriptor for this group of youthful
offenders? Explain your position.
_____ is now regarded by law enforcement agencies as the nation's most dangerous
gang.
