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Which of the following terms refers to the practice of setting up a fictitious online
profile, most often for the purpose of luring another into a fraudulent romantic
relationship?
a. Phishing
b. Astroturfing
c. Cyberstalking
d. Catfishing
The concept of restorative justice has its roots in symbolic interaction theory.
a. True
b. False
A question posed by the police to a suspect in custody isa ______.
a. consent interrogation
b. violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights
c. custodial statement
d. custodial interrogation
Itsey, a kindergarten student, watches her father tower over her mother, glaring at her;
she then hears her father yelling at her mother. At school, the teacher tells the students
to sit on the carpet for story time. Itsey does not want to sit down just yet; she is busy at
one of the centers in the classroom. Her teacher again asks everyone to sit down and
everyone does, except for Itsey. The teacher then directly asks Itsey to sit down. Itsey
looks at her teacher and says she doesn"t want to sit down and she better stop asking
her to sit down; the next time she does, Itsey will bring a knife to school and cut her.
What theory aligns to the exchange between Itsey and her teacher?
a. Psychodynamic theory
b. Cognitive learning theory
c. Personality theory
d. Social learning theory
In _____ , the Supreme Court held that a protective screen is allowed in order that the
child witness would not have to see the accused defendant.
a. Coy v. Iowa
b. White v. Illinois
c. Troxel v. Granville
d. In re Gault
The roots of social reaction theory can be found in what branch of sociology?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Functionalism
c. Conflict
d. Deviance
Siblings living in a similar environment may develop similar types of friends;
consequently, the critical influence toward delinquent behavior is that of peers rather
than siblings.
a. True
b. False
In the _____, a major focus on delinquency prevention programs was to reach out to
youth who were unlikely to use community centers.
a. 1930s
b. 1940s
c. 1950s
d. 1960s
According to Erik Erikson, what is formed when a person develops a firm sense of self?
a. Personality
b. Id formation
c. Ego identity
d. Role diffusion
In the 1992 Supreme Court case, _____, the court ruled that the state's attorney is not
required to produce young victims at trial or to demonstrate the reason they were
unavailable to serve as witnesses.
a. In re Gault
b. White v. Illinois
c. Stantosky v. Kramer
d. Troxel v. Granville
Early biotheorists suspected that premenstrual syndrome was a direct cause of the
relatively rare instances of female violence.
a. True
b. False
Residents of a community become extremely suspicious of authority, and this suspicion
develops into a view in which the outside world is the enemy out to destroy the
neighborhood. What is this view called?
a. Community incivilities
b. Focal concerns
c. Siege mentality
d. Reaction formation
Which case struck down the punishment of life without parole for juveniles?
a. Graham v. Florida
b. Roper v. Simmons
c. Miller v. Alabama
d. Thompson v. Oklahoma
Project Confirm in New York City is one example of an effort to reduce the detention of
_____ who have been arrested.
a. intellectually disabled offenders
b. foster care youth
c. status offenders
d. female offenders
Voluntary apprentices were bound out by parents or guardians who wished to secure
training for their children.
a. True
b. False
Burke took a gun to school to show his friends and the gun went off, killing a
classmate.Burke was not charged because of his age. Under early English jurisprudence
how old was Burke?
a. 6
b. 8
c. 7
d. 5
Paul's friend Peter bullied his classmates in elementary school. He started with
name-calling, then moved to physical aggression including head-slapping, tripping, and
shoving. His parents did not consider this as physical aggression, really. More like
"boys will be boys." As he got older, Paul began to engage in physical altercations. The
physical fighting grew more intense when Paul joined a gang. As a teenager, Paul was
convicted in adult court of a strong-arm attack and rape. Which pathway aligns to Paul's
behavior?
a. Covert pathway
b. Overt pathway
c. Authority conflict pathway
d. Trajectory pathway
When the peer group provides the social and emotional basis for antisocial activity, a
clique is transformed into a gang.
a. True
b. False
If you wanted to study forms of retaliation in the drug trade, which form would you
investigate to understand nonviolent revenge gained through resource confiscation
without interaction between the retaliator and wrongdoer during the transfer?
a. Violent confiscation
b. Fraudulent retaliation
c. Stealth retaliation
d. Pure fight
For the most part, teen violence in Europe has been on the decline.
a. True
b. False
The temporary care of a child alleged to be delinquent who requires secure custody is
called detention.
a. True
b. False
Generally speaking, most school shootings are spontaneous and impulsive.
a. True
b. False
How does the government define poverty?
a. $32,000 a year for a family of four
b. $23,000 a year for a family of three
c. $23,000 a year for a family of four
d. $20,000 a year for a family of three
Conflict theorists suggest that the justice system is effective in limiting delinquency.
a. True
b. False
If you were to investigate a theory that views sustained delinquent behavior resulting
from destructive social interactions and encounters, which of the following should you
choose?
a. Conflict
b. Social control
c. Social reaction
d. Critical
What theory holds that low intelligence is generally determined and inherited?
a. Psychological
b. Nature
c. Realist
d. Nurture
For juvenile offenders in the Netherlands, a life sentence may mean serving as much as
_____ years.
a. 20
b. 30
c. 50
d. 70
While in recent years the trend has changed, _____ had maintained extremely low
delinquency and crime rates in the post"World War II era.
a. Japan
b. France
c. Italy
d. Denmark
Child saving organizations influenced the _____ to enact laws giving courts the power
to commit children who were runaways or criminal offenders to specialized institutions.
a. state legislatures
b. federal government
c. local governments
d. state judiciary
In England, the _____ decide(s) whether to prosecute the juvenile or to divert him or
her from prosecution.
a. prosecutor
b. judge
c. court's legal assistant
d. police
Compare and contrast the English and American youth courts.
A reduction in the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or
otherwise punished is known as a(n)_______________.
Identify and describe the three forms of collective efficacy; be sure to include examples
for each. Which of the three forms do you believe to be the most influential? Provide a
rationale for your view.
_____ are nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and
family living.
Pressure to conform to gender expectations is called ____.
The association between parental deviance and children's delinquency may be related to
labeling and ____.
In Latino gang writings, the term "rifa" means _____.
Discuss the child saving movement.
It was this case, _____, which instilled in juvenile proceedings the development of due
process standards at the pretrial, the trial, and the posttrial stages of the juvenile
process.
In colonial America what laws were passed that required children to obey their parents?
The most common areas of increased risk, based on a large number of male and female
youths enrolled in the Juvenile Mentoring Programs are school and _____.
What does the socialization approach hold is likely to have an even more damaging
effect on females than on males?
Explain social disorganization as a rationale for drug abuse.
Describe the concept of problem behavior syndrome (PBS). Explain why you agree or
disagree with this concept.
A ____ is a member of a white supremacist gang, usually with Nazi of Ku Klux Klan
markings.
The greater likelihood of African Americans being arrested for crimes as opposed to
White suspects is an example of a ____ bias.
A number of delinquency control and prevention efforts are based on what theory?
Some children acquire an association between their use of aggression against others and
the physical punishment they receive at home by what life stage?
Discuss international juvenile policing. Is there a similarity to juvenile policing in the
United States? Explain.
Keeping the accused in custody prior to trial because the accused is suspected of being
a danger to the community is referred to as ______.
