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Probation is a punitive legal disposition for delinquent youths.
a. True
b. False
Trajectory theory is a developmental approach that combines elements of propensity
and general theory of crime.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, status offenders are defined as _____.
a. children who commit an act that would be classified as a crime if they were adults
b. children who have been adjudicated delinquent
c. children in need of supervision
d. children who are abused/neglected and commit crimes to survive
Which is not one of the duties of a juvenile probation officer?
a. Interview and collect social service data
b. Patrol communities
c. Write predisposition reports
d. Provide special services, such as group therapy
Curfew laws are considered an example of pulling levers.
a. True
b. False
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the offender's proven dangerousness
outweighed the possible effects of rehabilitation, thereby placing limits on the right to
treatment.
a. Ralston v. Robinson
b. Santana v. Callazo
c. Morales v. Turman
d. Nelson v. Heyne
Most children taken into custody are_____.
a. sent into protective custody
b. sent into preventative custody
c. released to their parents
d. detained for several days
What source of labeling is extremely damaging because it may cause adolescents to
seek deviant peers whose behavior amplifies the effect of the label?
a. Parental
b. Peer
c. Community
d. Judicial
Jill's research project for her juvenile justice class found that males and females were
basically more alike than they were different on a number of critical psychological
variables. What hypothesis did Jill use?
a. Genderideation
b. Gender links
c. Gender-schema
d. Gender similarities
Community policing has its main emphasis on fighting crime.
a. True
b. False
Social withdrawal is one of several factors linked to school violence.
a. True
b. False
A peer pressure approach to deciding to use drugs would be indicated by a weighing of
the perceived benefits, including relation and greater creativity.
a. True
b. False
The most important Supreme Court case concerning a student's right to passive speech
was the 1969 case of ______.
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
c. Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
d. Wisconsin v. Yoder
The _____ prepares the social investigation or the predisposition report for the court.
a. judge
b. juvenile probation officer
c. prosecutor
d. juvenile's parents/guardians
The definition of a gang is a group of adolescents involved in delinquent behavior.
a. True
b. False
The _______ holds that police are likely to act paternally toward young girls and not
arrest them.
a. gentleman's hypothesis
b. ladies' hypothesis
c. chivalry hypothesis
d. big brother hypothesis
Youths who were in trouble and arrested at an early age are more likely to lose their
jobs and have spotty employment records as adults.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following refers to youths who are spread too thin, experience personal
uncertainty, and place themselves at the mercy of people who promise to give them a
sense of identity they cannot develop for themselves?
a. Ego confusion
b. Role diffusion
c. Conduct disorder
d. Identity crisis
After reading about the crackdown on shoplifting at the local discount store by
enforcing full criminal penalties allowed by law, Drew and Cole decided they would
abandon their plan to steal CDs. What crime control policy influenced their decision?
a. Specific deterrence
b. Retribution
c. General deterrence
d. Incapacitation
A friendship _____ is considered an association with a single "best friend."
a. clique
b. partnership
c. dyad
d. duo
Police need probable cause before they can conduct a search, but educators can legally
search students when there are reasonable grounds to believe the students have violated
the law or broken school rules.
a. True
b. False
In _____ , the Court held that the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable
searches is not violated by the suspicionless drug testing of all students choosing to
participate in interscholastic athletics.
a. New Jersey v. T.L.O.
b. Vernonia School District v. Acton
c. Kent v. United States
d. Thompson v. Oklahoma
Under parens patriaedelinquent acts are not considered criminal violations.
a. True
b. False
In _____, violence is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease.
a. Brazil
b. Sri Lanka
c. Russia
d. Mexico
When parents physically leave their children with the intention of completely severing
the parent"child relationship, it is called _____.
a. child abuse
b. physical neglect
c. abandonment
d. infanticide
In some cases, youthful offenders fight back against their negative labels.
a. True
b. False
Which drug seems to be the cause of marijuana and other drug abuse?
a. Alcohol
b. Methamphetamine
c. Cocaine
d. Heroin
Reasonable ground to believe that an offense was committed and the accused
committed that offense is called ______.
a. reasonable suspicion
b. probable cause
c. reasonableness
d. justifiable suspicion
The premise of the community policing model of crime prevention is that the police can
carry out their duties more effectively by ______.
a. gaining the trust and assistance of concerned citizens
b. making more arrests
c. using more undercover sting operations for drugs
d. getting tough on crime
Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes, called restitution, is the most
widely used form of restitution in the United States.
a. True
b. False
The Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study was one of the first delinquency prevention
programs to be evaluated using a(n) _____.
a. control group
b. cost-benefit analysis
c. self-report study
d. randomized experimental design
Verdicts in the Illinois Juvenile Court Act relied upon the stricter standard (i.e., beyond
a reasonable doubt) to determine the guilt of a juvenile offender.
a. True
b. False
Embarrassment is the feeling we get when we do not meet the standards we have set for
ourselves or that significant others have set for us.
a. True
b. False
Nonmarital childbearing increased dramatically in the United States during the latter
half of the twentieth century, giving rise to families defined as unmarried couples with
children. What is this family type called?
a. Extended families
b. New age families
c. Blended families
d. Fragile families
What two differences are magnified when children internalize gender-specific
behaviors?
Describe globalization and delinquency. Explain why you agree or disagree with the
premise that globalization will have a profound influence on the future of indigent
youth.
According to the text, it is possible that _____ love discourages offending by
strengthening the social bond.
The attorney who represents children in juvenile court and plays an active role at all
stages of the proceedings is called a _____.
Discuss the association between religiosity and female delinquency. Explain why you
agree or disagree with this view.
In looking at the UCR, what two areas can crime reporting practices significantly
influence?
Discuss 4 of the 14 factors linked to children who engage in serious school violence.
Why did you choose these factors? Explain.
Discuss Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) or
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988). Do you agree or disagree with the
holding of the Court in these cases? Explain.
Community-based diversion and day treatment are types of graduated sanctions for
which type of offender?
Describe the power-control theory. Who developed this view? Explain why you agree
or disagree with this theory.
Discuss the juvenile justice process, including a brief description of each step in the
process.
In their controversial work, researchers John J. Donohue III and Steven Levitt found
what empirical evidence to which the recent drop in the delinquency rate can be
attributed?
The system of paid watchmen patrolling at night to protect homes is called the ____
system.
What term is used to describe youths who have been arrested four or more times during
their minority and perpetuate a striking majority of serious criminal acts?
As the school is the "basic conduit through which the community and adult influences
enter into the lives of adolescents," the school has become the primary instrument of
_____.
Who applied Durkheim's ideas to the onset of crime and delinquency in contemporary
society?
Discuss the recent study conducted by the European Crime Prevention Network
(ECPN) regarding trends in juvenile violence in European Union countries. The text
indicates a problem with data collection on an international level; explain why you
believe this to be the case.
Several questions and criticisms were raised regarding the general theory of crime
(GTC); the text presents one of the most important questions raised about the GTC.
Identify and describe this concern. Explain why you agree or disagree with this
concern.
