Explain three of the secondary sources of delinquency data provided in the text. Of
these, which do you believe to be the most reliable? Provide a rationale for your choice.
How do you believe these sources of data compare to “official sources” such as the
UCR or NCVS? Explain your position.
Name the four possible outcomes developed by Becker in the relationship between
labeling and delinquent or other deviant behavior.
The Court has ruled that school officials have the right to censor “active speech” when
that speech is disruptive of the learning environment.
a. True
b. False
A person or child in need of supervision is called a delinquent offender.
a. True
b. False
Balanced probation is based on the idea that juvenile offenders must take responsibility
for their actions.
a. True
b. False
According to Cohen, the development of the delinquent subculture is a consequence of
socialization practices found in the ghetto or inner-city environment.
a. True
b. False
Most gangs are located in urban areas, and most large urban areas have reported the
presence of gangs.
a. True
b. False
Greg’s assignment is to research theories that incorporate social, personal, and
developmental factors into complex explanations of human behavior. Which of the
following theories should Greg research?
a. Life-course
b. General theory of crime
c. Integrated
d. Age-graded
What program is dedicated to addressing our nation’s crises of child abuse, neglect and
abandonment, teen pregnancy, and overall violence by parenting, empathy, and
nurturing skills to all school-age children and teens?
a. Nurturing Parent
b. PATHS
c. Head Start
d. Parenting Project
Research shows that the _____ is one of the most important predictors of campus crime
and violence.
a. school climate
b. lack of parental involvement
c. gang membership
d. standardized testing
What do judges generally do with repeat juvenile offenders who are deemed untreatable
by juvenile authorities?
a. The court sentences the juvenile to a detention center until they are 21.
b. The child is transferred to adult court.
c. The child remains in juvenile court.
d. The court declines to prosecute this type of child and refers him or her to an adult
treatment facility.
Research has indicated that as a result of deinstitutionalization, children who can no
longer be detained are being recycled or relabeled as delinquent offenders in order to
house the youth in secure facilities.
a. True
b. False
A student from a low-income household is an example ofwhat type of correlate of
school failure?
a. Alienation
b. Social class
c. Tracking
d. Personal problems
According to the text, adolescent sexual activity _____ increases the likelihood of
offending.
a. without the promise of love
b. with multiple partners
c. with unknown partners
d. without protection
Safe Harbor is a bullying intervention program first developed in Norway.
a. True
b. False
Of the crimes committed by delinquents, 71% of the homicides, 82% of the robberies,
and 64% of the aggravated assaults are committed by the chronic 6%.
a. True
b. False
Parents of beyond-control children have been found to be inconsistent rule setters.
a. True
b. False
Mentoring has been shown to reduce delinquency and aggression.
a. True
b. False
According to Freud, the superego is the unrestrained, primitive, pleasure-seeking
component of the human personality with which each child is born.
a. True
b. False
As a general rule, drug abuse appears to be a type of delinquent behavior and not a
cause of delinquency.
a. True
b. False
What do some experts suggest regarding the differences in brain organization in males
and females?
a. Females are more left brain”oriented and males are more right brain”oriented
b. Males are more left brain”oriented and females are more right brain”oriented
c. Males and females are equally left brain”oriented
d. Males and females are equally right brain”oriented
In addition to assuring reintegration of the offender, what is the intended process of
restorative programs?
a. Repair injuries suffered by the victim
b. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and the community
c. Repair injuries suffered by the community
d. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and repay the justice system
According to strain theory there are two cultural forces running through the
neighborhood that shape the delinquent’s actions decent values and street values.
a. True
b. False
According to deterrence theory, only the actual chance of punishment influences a
youth’s decision to engage in delinquency.
a. True
b. False
In some jurisdictions, juvenile court judges handle family-related cases exclusively.
a. True
b. False
Families in which parents are able to integrate their children into the household unit
while at the same time helping them assert their individuality and regulate their own
behavior refers to which of the following?
a. Child-rearing
b. Family competence
c. Parental efficacy
d. Parental control
John’s class was given the following equation: Number of Reported Crimes / Total U.S.
Population x 100,000. What does this equation compute?
a. Arson rate per 100,000
b. Juvenile crime rate per 100,000
c. Motor vehicle rate per 100,000
d. Crime rate per 100,000
_____, in the public health approach, focuses on intervening with children and young
people who are potentially at risk for becoming offenders.
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. General prevention
The taking of a person into custody until he or she can be held accountable for the
offense in court proceedings is called ______.
a. detention
b. delay
c. Arrest
d. pickup
Germany has been plagued with _____ since reunification in 1989.
a. sex trafficking
b. drug abuse
c. skinhead violence
d. alcohol abuse
Youths who report inadequate or strained peer relations are the ones most likely to
become delinquent.
a. True
b. False
According to Sampson and Laub, what refers to positive life experiences such as
gaining employment or joining the military, which create informal social control
mechanisms that limit delinquent behavior opportunities?
a. Turning points
b. Cumulative advantages
c. Social capital
d. Maturation
When first isolated in 1860, _____ became a staple of patent medicines.
a. cocaine
b. marijuana
c. hashish
d. heroin
Regardless of race, social class, intelligence, or any other social variable, people
commit fewer crimes as they age; this is referred to as the aging out process. Name the
two other terms used to describe this phenomenon.
Incarceration of juvenile delinquents is an example of a(n) _____ approach to juvenile
delinquency.
The first attempts to discover why criminal tendencies developed focused upon what
characteristic(s)?
Robbery and offenses involving serious bodily harm are all examples of what type of
crime?
Discuss teenage drug dealers who engage in other forms of criminality.
Children who will later become the most serious delinquents begin their deviant careers
at what age?
A variety of benefits may result from comparing one country’s juvenile crime
experience with another country’s. This type of study, comparing one country with
another, is called a ____ comparison.
A preadjudicatory hearing for the purpose of deciding whether a juvenile defendant
should be retained over for juvenile court or waived to adult court is called a ______.
People communicate via symbols that stand for or represent something else. To what
does this refer?
The organization that protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at
school was called the _____.
What limited ability of very young offenders is taken into consideration when assessing
their legal culpability?
Discuss federally funded delinquency prevention programs.
What does labeling perspective identify as the role played by social control agents?
Identify and describe the three variations of structural theory. Explain which of the three
variations you believe best explains the poverty”delinquency relationship.
According to some researchers, gangs can be categorized by their dominant activity.
Explain Fagan’s four categories of gangs.
____ childhood prevention programs are initiated before delinquency occurs.
A _____ is a school where the seniors number 60% or less of the number of
ninth-graders.
_____ is a system of positions, facial expression, and body language used to convey a
message.
What focuses on unlocking the potential of youth and families using a variety of
residential and nonresidential program models and settings by providing direct services
through child welfare, mental health, juvenile justice, and educational systems?