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Studies have found that addicts suffer personality disorders characterized by a weak
ego, a low frustration tolerance, and fantasies of omnipotence.
a. True
b. False
______ received federal funding and attempted an integrated approach to community
development.
a. Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
b. Chicago Area Project
c. Boston's Mid-City Project
d. Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study
During what period of time have researchers found that cognitive differences between
males and females appear?
a. Preschool
b. Childhood
c. Adolescence
d. Teenage
What is a cluster of antisocial behaviors that may include family dysfunction, substance
abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational
underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment, as well as
delinquency called?
a. Problem behavior syndrome
b. Emotional and behavioral disturbance
c. Antisocial personality disorder
d. Oppositional defiance disorder
Judges follow the probation department recommendations _____ of the time.
a. 25%
b. 60%
c. 75%
d. 90%
Surveys show that about ______ of schools use one or more security cameras.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 35%
d. 50%
What is known as a reduction in charges in adult criminal court is known as _____ in
juvenile court.
a. adjudication
b. petition
c. substitution
d. adjustment
Which is not one of the four stages of the juvenile court process?
a. Intake
b. Outtake
c. Predisposition
d. Postadjudicatioin
_____ was instrumental in the development of the Children's Aid Society.
a. Oliver Wendell Holmes
b. Charles Loring Brace
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Mark Paul Gosselaar
In Moscow, _____ led to criminal investigations against people who ordered child
pornography in more than 20 nations.
a. Operation Whistle Blower
b. Operation Wild Flower
c. Operation Porn Crackdown
d. Operation Blue Orchid
The disparate findings in status offense research may be the result of the different types
of status offenders. Which of the following recommendations were offered in regard to
the issue of status offenses?
a. Divide status offenders into two main groupsfirst time offenders and chronic
offenders
b. Divide status offenders into three groupsfirst time offenders, chronic offenders, and
those with delinquent as well as status offense records
c. Dissolve status offenses entirely because of inconsistent research findings
d. Limit status offenses to first time offenders in order to receive early intervention
Wilderness programs, probation, and secure confinement are examples of delinquency
control programs.
a. True
b. False
A negative prior factor in an individual's life that increases the risk of delinquency is
called a protective factor.
a. True
b. False
In the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., the court dealt with the issue of ______.
a. search and seizure
b. school prayer
c. free speech
d. corporal punishment
The only national estimate of the costs of juvenile delinquency focuses on _____.
a. status crimes
b. sexual crimes
c. juvenile violence
d. substance abuse
The monitoring of juvenile offenders by continuously sending a signal back to the
central office is an example of what type of electronic monitoring?
a. Active
b. Passive
c. Noninvasive
d. Intrusive
A genetic basis for drug abuse is also supported by evidence showing that future
substance abuse problems can be predicted by behavior exhibited as early as _____
years of age.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
The process and experience of the transition of juveniles from juvenile and adult
correctional settings back into schools, families, communities, and society at large is
referred to as _____.
a. parole
b. integration
c. probation
d. reentry
Because a transition from one stage of life to another can be a bumpy ride, the
propensity to commit crimes is viewed as what type of process?
a. Fluctuating
b. Reactionary
c. Nonstable
d. Developmental
The effects on children's cognitive achievement, educational attainment, nutrition,
physical and mental health, and social behavior due to poverty are limited.
a. True
b. False
Labeling alienates parents from their children and negative labels reduce children's
self-image and increase delinquency. What is this process called?
a. Stigmatization
b. Dramatization of evil
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Reflected appraisals
_____ are the individuals who control the drug distribution in hard-core drug gangs.
a. Homeboys
b. Hustlers
c. Slangers
d. Ballers
Being institutionalized as a juvenile will hit girls particularly hard.
a. True
b. False
Curfews represent a form of problem-oriented policing.
a. True
b. False
The temporary care of a child in a physically unrestricting environment is called
disposition.
a. True
b. False
Boston's Operation Ceasefire, in which every deterrent "lever" is applied, is an example
of ______.
a. community policing
b. police"community relations
c. pulling levers policing
d. team policing
The typical delinquent detainee is male, 16 years old, and charged with a _____.
a. curfew violation
b. violent crime
c. liquor law violation
d. tobacco law violation
Which of the following would best describe an error where the respondents were not a
nationally representative sample?
a. Underreporting error
b. Question formatting error
c. Sampling error
d. Overreporting error
Ronda was happy that she had found the love of her life. She and Davida were going to
the prom in a month and needed to go shopping. Thinking she would surprise her,
Ronda bought flowers and went to Davida's house. Ronda caught Davida in bed with
another girl from school; Ronda became enraged. Before she knew what she was doing,
she killed Davida and the other girl. Ronda's attorney requested several psychological
and medical examinations be conducted prior to trial. It was reported to the attorney
that Ronda had an exceedingly high level of a particular hormone that has been linked
to aggression in young women. High levels of which of the following hormones would
probably NOT be linked to Ronda's aggression?
a. Androgen
b. Cortisol
c. Testosterone
d. Estrogen
What is the view that lower-class people form a separate culture with their own values
and norms, which are sometimes in conflict with conventional society?
a. Working poor
b. Culture of poverty
c. Underclass
d. Stratified society
The sentences for violent juvenile offenders over the past two decades in England
have_____.
a. stayed relatively stable
b. become much harsher
c. shown no trend in any direction
d. become more lenient
According to the text, regarding effective strategies for deterring delinquency, which
strategy is described as seemingly working the best?
a. Focusing police activities on community problems
b. Focusing police activities on particular problems
c. Focusing police activities on reports from community watch programs
d. Focusing the police activities onreports from school resource officers
Daycare serves to provide the child with a number of benefits, including social
interaction with other children.
a. True
b. False
_____ is a condition that occurs when parents have such large families that their
resources, such as time and money, are spread too thin, causing lack of familial support
and control.
Attention was first brought to focus on school crime when the federal government
published its pioneering study of school systems entitled _____
Compare and contrast juvenile drug use within the United States and Europe.
What is said to exert pressure toward delinquency by encouraging an anomic cultural
environment, one in which people are encouraged to adopt an "anything goes"
mentality in the pursuit of personal goals?
Discuss the development of interest in female delinquency. Explain your view. As you
read through the chapter, did you find that there is a need for a separate interest in
female delinquency, that a specific interest in female delinquency will assist in the
overall reduction of juvenile delinquency, etc.?
At whom is the majority of girls' violence directed?
Identify and describe the factors associated with intergenerational transmission of
deviance. Describe any additional factors you believe would also contribute to
delinquency.
What are some reasons offered in the text as to why the study of juvenile delinquency is
important? What are your views? Explain why you believe these areas are important.
What differences regarding female institutions are addressed in the text? Discuss the
American Bar Association and the National Bar Association's recommendations for
changes regarding female juveniles in institutions.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century, what system replaced the apprenticeship
programs?
Once the police in England have charged the juvenile, a ___ hearing will be set, which
differs from practices in the United states where most states refuse this right.
Most juvenile experts oppose _____ because the outcome in adult courts tends to clash
with the rehabilitative ideal.
According to the text, teen courts may also encourage communities to take a more
active role in responding to juvenile justice. Discuss the four potential benefits outlined
in the text in regard to teen court.
Discuss police in schools, including an example of a school-based program with a
school and police partnership. Explain your view of police officers in schools.
Unlike others who are involved in similar criminal activities, gangs openly engage in
the sale of drugs as well as other types of criminal activities. What does this promote?
Discuss Denise Gottfredson's research into after-schools programs in Maryland.
Explain your view on after-school programs; include in your view who should be
responsible for funding such programs.
Children who suffer from what during the birthing process are most likely to lack
self-control later in life?
The minimum age at which a person can be held responsible for his or her criminal
actions is called the _____.
The percentage of an age group that is not enrolled in school and has not earned a high
school diploma or equivalent is called _____.
