According to _____ theory, delinquent youths are loners who do not form attachments
to others.
a. rational choice
b. anomie/alienation
c. social disorganization
d. strain
If you were to look for a theory that views delinquency as a result of a youth’s
dysfunctional or destructive relationship with the critical elements of socialization in his
or her lifefamily, peers, schools, communitywhere the dysfunctionality causes the youth
to see delinquency as a feasible alternative, which of the following theories should you
choose?
a. Social process
b. Deterrence
c. Social structure
d. Evolutionary
Drug dealers who sell mainly small amounts to friends are referred to as ______.
a. petty dealers
b. frequent dealers
c. persistent dealers
d. short-time dealers
Facilities for female juvenile offenders generally are better run and offer more
opportunities and freedoms than those of male institutions.
a. True
b. False
The impact of globalization has been to create large economically depressed urban
areas where gangs can flourish and export their influence.
a. True
b. False
Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to counsel.
a. True
b. False
Today, more than 90% of the school-age population attends school, compared with
_____ in 1890.
a. 7%
b. 17%
c. 27%
d. 37%
In their early teens, Jack, Cole, and Hardy live in areas where both conventional and
delinquent activities are limited and adult role models are in absentia. Applying
differential opportunity theory, Jack, Cole, and Hardy are likely to join one of three
types of gangs to in order to achieve what they consider success.
Cole lives in a highly disorganized area. Cole gets into fights to protect his gang’s
integrity and honor, acquiring a reputation. This rep provides Cole with a means for
gaining admiration from his peers. What type of gang did Cole join?
a. Criminal gang
b. Conflict gang
c. Rebellion gang
d. Retreatist gang
The transfer of a juvenile offender from a juvenile court to an adult court is called the
petition.
a. True
b. False
The relationship between school failure and persistent offending is unclear.
a. True
b. False
An adolescent’s work experience may actually increase delinquency.
a. True
b. False
Data gathered from the National Youth Gang Survey indicates that less than _____ of
gang members are female.
a. 4%
b. 6%
c. 8%
d. 10%
The _____ Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Which of the following best describe why girls fight in schools?
a. Strike back at overly controlling structure, gain status
b. Teacher labeling, strike back at overly controlling structure
c. Teacher labeling, gain status
d. Teacher labeling, general sense of hopelessness
According to the latest data available (2009), about _____ juvenile delinquency cases
are referred to juvenile court.
a. 875,000
b. 11 million
c. 4.2 million
d. 1.5 million
It is reported that according to Messerschmidt, males in every culture try to emulate
ideal masculine behaviors. In what culture, according to the text, are masculine
behaviors considered authoritative, in charge, combative, and controlling?
a. Western
b. Asian
c. Middle Eastern
d. European
The first House of Refuge was established in _____.
a. Boston
b. New York
c. Chicago
d. New Orleans
Social reaction theory is also commonly called critical theory.
a. True
b. False
Movement toward a community-based treatment approach to juvenile offenders began
in Massachusetts.
a. True
b. False
Poverty and economic marginality may directly impact learning and consequently a
child’s future chances of success.
a. True
b. False
Policymakers are encouraged to expand the use of evidence-based policies that are
scientifically proven to reduce juvenile recidivism.
a. True
b. False
______ provide for juveniles who are orphans or whose parents cannot care for them to
be placed with families who provide the attention, guidance, and care they did not
receive at home.
a. Group homes
b. Foster care programs
c. Family group homes
d. Rural programs
The opportunity for youthful offenders to receive treatment and community sentences
resulted from the adoption of which law?
a. Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994
b. Criminal Justice and Immigration Act of 2008
c. Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act
d. Crime and Disorder Act of 1998
Jack is researching delinquency and capitalism; specifically, that delinquency is a
normal response to the conditions created by capitalism. What theory should Jack be
researching?
a. Social control
b. Social reaction
c. Social conflict
d. Law and justice
Roscoe is interested in learning more about a theory holding the view that delinquency
is a process influenced by social experiences as well as individual characteristics.
Which of the following theories should Roscoe research?
a. Differential association
b. Labeling
c. Developmental
d. Latent trait
Detached Street Workers was a program from the 1950s designed to remove prostitutes
from their beats.
a. True
b. False
Youths who engage in delinquency and get caught and labeled are referred to as pure
deviants, whereas youths who continually break rules and avoid labeling are referred to
as secret deviants. What models of labeling would best fit these descriptions?
a. Conformists, pure deviants,
b. Secret deviants, conformists
c. Pure deviants, secret deviants
d. Falsely accused, secret deviants
An estimated _____ million yearly referrals, involving the alleged maltreatment of
children are received each year by Child Protective Services around the nation.
a. 1.2
b. 2.7
c. 3.3
d. 3.7
Lizzy is 16 years old; she was recently waived to adult court, charged with stabbing her
father 60 times and her mother 61 times. Friends and neighbors said they always knew
something “wasn’t right with that girl.” NCC ran a week’s worth of debates on their
various discussion formats dissecting Lizzy’s past behaviors and current situation with
their legal analysts. What is this discussion concerning the link between Lizzy’s past
and present behaviors called?
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. Retrospective reading
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Degradation ceremony
______is the best-known and largest job training program in the United States.
a. YouthBuild U.S.A.
b. Job Corps
c. Peace Corps
d. Dream Job
The Standard Minimum Rules in the Administration of Juvenile Justice, which set out
principles for countries to follow in the administration of juvenile justice, are also
known as the _____.
a. Treaty of Brussels
b. Beijing Rules
c. Treaty of Versailles
d. Prague Rules
On average, _____ of juvenile cases are waived to adult court by the juvenile court each
year.
a. less than 0.5%
b. approximately 2%
c. approximately 9%
d. approximately 15%
It is generally believed that most drug users start at a young age using _____ as a
gateway drug.
a. alcohol
b. marijuana
c. cocaine
d. inhalants
Katharina Dalton concluded that females are more likely to commit suicide and be
aggressive and otherwise antisocial before or during menstruation.
a. True
b. False
Discuss why gangs have reemerged. Do you agree that economic and social conditions
are factors in gang formation? Explain.
What had far-reaching effects on the position of women in society, forcing them into the
role of second-class citizens dependent upon their fathers, brothers, and guardians?
Identify and describe the three different pathways or trajectories to crime. Explain why
you agree or disagree with this theory.
Immediate and intermediate sanctions vary in their severity (probation versus
incarceration, for example). This strategy, in which a variety of sanctions are available,
is called _____ sanctions.
Conflict theorists view delinquency as a normal response to what conditions?
At-risk youths would be best served by a(n) ____ strategy, which would address their
particular risk factors.
_____ is the most common of all juvenile dispositions, though its use has decreased
somewhat in the last decade.
What theory holds that gender differences in the delinquency rate are a function of class
differences and economic conditions that influence the structure of family life?
What two status offenses are girls more likely to be arrested for than boys?
Describe neutralization theory and the techniques of neutralization patterns (i.e., who
developed the theory, basic premise of the theory, key terms associated with this
theory). What is your view of this theory and the techniques associated with it? Explain
your position.
Drugs used by athletes and body builders to gain muscle bulk and strength are called
_____.
A _____ is a judicial order requesting that a person detaining another produce the body
of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.
Who, according to Terrie Moffitt, are abstainers?
_____ is a situation in which an environment of violence and discord within the family
exists.
Identify and define the two branches of individual-level theories of delinquency. It is
said these two theories, while independent of each other, do share some common
ground. What are these commonalities? It is reported that people must change as
opposed to society changing. Do you agree with this pronouncement? Provide a
rationale for your answer.
_____ is/are a method of enforcement in which police, armed with arrest and search
warrants, enter a neighborhood in an operation to make as many arrests as possible.