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Drinking and driving by teenagers results in approximately how many deaths per year?
a. 5,000
b. 7,500
c. 800
d. 200,000
The watch system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and
warring groups.
a. True
b. False
What is a form of culture conflict experienced by lower-class youths because social
conditions prevent them from achieving success as defined by the larger society?
a. Subterranean values
b. Negative affective states
c. Focal concerns
d. Status frustration
The city council wants a crime prevention method that will reduce opportunities to
commit criminal acts; the method should make opportunities more difficult to take
advantage of, with rewards reduced and risk increased. Which of the following would
be most appropriate to present to the council?
a. Problem-solving police procedures
b. Situational crime prevention
c. Conflict resolution
d. Community policing
By middle childhood, what sustains antisocial behavior?
a. Social rejection by conventional peers
b. Academic failure and socialization by unskilled parents
c. Socialization by unskilled parents
d. Social rejection by conventional peers and academic failure
Transnational crime and international crime are synonymous.
a. True
b. False
Mary, Peter and Paul's friend, started shoplifting in middle school. She frequently lied
to her parents about how she acquired the new clothes. One day her mother found her
stash of makeup and when questioned, Mary said she found the makeup in the pocket of
a coat she purchased at Good Will. Mary was enraged that another girl at school was
flirting with someone Mary liked. She vowed revenge and got Peter and Paul to help
her vandalize the girl's house and set fire to the girl's locker at school. In high school,
Mary was caught trying to forge her mother's signature on a check for a large amount of
cash. When that did not work, Mary broke into a few of the neighbors' homes. Which of
the pathways correctly identifies Mary's escalating behaviors?
a. Covert pathway
b. Overt pathway
c. Authority conflict pathway
d. Trajectory pathway
What term refers to the use of humanistic, nonpunitive strategies to right wrongs and
restore social harmony?
a. Neutralization
b. Restorative justice
c. Balanced justice
d. Deinstitutionalization
What is the concept through which youth are able to use their wits to feel safe by
avoiding violent confrontation?
a. Siege mentality
b. Reaction formation
c. Street efficacy
d. Retreatism
Which of the following is an example of an organization that would not be involved in
intervention programs?
a. the Boys and Girls Club
b. Job Corps
c. Head Start
d. YouthBuild U.S.A.
Children who engage in disruptive behaviors when they are 5 or 6 years old are most
likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors throughout adolescence.
a. True
b. False
English Poor Laws, the apprenticeship movement, and the role of the chancery court are
credited with eventually impacting what area involving the rights of children?
a. Delivery of public education
b. Emerging juvenile legal system in the United States
c. Formation of child protection agencies
d. Family structure and cohesion
In what court case did an appellate court hold that a young child whose developmental
immaturity may result in trial incompetence despite the absence of any underlying
mental or development abnormality, thus overrulingprior case law that held that
children must have either a mental disorder or a developmental disability to be deemed
incompetent to stand trial?
a. Millerv.Alabama
b. In re Gault
c. Timothyv.Superior Court
d. Timothyv.California
Which is not a strategy that may reduce school violence?
a. Increase student engagement
b. Cut back on extracurricular activities
c. Start prevention programs early
d. Offer mentoring programs
What theory holds that the more severely youthful offenders are punished the less likely
they are to repeat their illegal acts?
a. Specific deterrence theory
b. Classical theory
c. General deterrence theory
d. Rational choice theory
Code of the streets is a view of the interrelationship of culture and behavior. What issue,
according to text, is at the heart of the code?
a. Respect
b. Street values
c. Cultural autonomy
d. Ghetto poor
Social theories have guided policy making since the 1960s; for instance, learning
theories have influenced the way criminal offenders are dealt with and treated.
a. True
b. False
Frederick Thrasher did most of his research on gangs in the city of _____.
a. Pittsburgh
b. London
c. Los Angeles
d. Chicago
_____ is one of the most common treatment approaches, and virtually all juvenile
institutions use it to some degree.
a. Behavior modification
b. Milieu therapy
c. Positive peer culture
d. Individual counseling
According to some biosocial theorists, gender differences in the delinquency rate can be
explained by inborn differences in aggression.
a. True
b. False
A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on reducing fear, organizing the community,
and maintaining order is called __________.
a. strategic policing
b. police"community relations
c. tactical policing
d. community policing
It has been argued that low IQ increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior through
its effect on school performance.
a. True
b. False
Monetary restitution is when the juvenile offender is required to provide some service
directly to the crime victim.
a. True
b. False
While some judges feel sympathetic toward White defendants, they never help them
avoid delinquent labels.
a. True
b. False
The _____ view of gang membership suggests that gangs appeal to adolescents' longing
for the tribal process that sustained their ancestors.
a. social
b. psychological
c. cultural
d. anthropological
Cultural deviance combines the elements of what two theories?
a. Differential association and labeling
b. Strain and social disorganization
c. Structural process and strain
d. Social disorganization and labeling
Which federal agency has developed a profile of school shootings and school shooters?
a. A.T.F.
b. Homeland Security
c. D.E.A.
d. U.S. Secret Service
NCVS data indicate that the number of people who break the law is, indeed, greater
than the number projected by official statistics.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following represents areas of the United States where victimization by
juveniles occurs more often than in other parts of the United States?
a. Midwest and Northeast
b. Eastern and Southern
c. Southern and Western
d. Midwest and Western
Which is not considered to be part of a school security effort?
a. Picture IDs
b. Mood lighting
c. Random checks
d. Security cameras
Which of the following refers to an increased amount of social control imposed against
the Black population because of the perceived threat by the White population based on
an increase in the size of the Black population?
a. Institutional racism
b. Racial profiling
c. Racial threat theory
d. Racial fear theory
The belief that juvenile offenders should be held accountable as adult transgressors was
one motivating principle behind the Illinois Juvenile Court Act.
a. True
b. False
Merton argues that retreatists reject both the goals and the means of society.
a. True
b. False
Discuss source control as a drug control strategy.
Most states refuse juveniles the right to _____ , arguing that juvenile proceedings are
civil, not criminal.
Rather than a distributor of retribution and revenge, what does the justice system
become under restoration?
Juvenile officers operate either as _____ in a police department, or as part of the _____
of a police department.
Trait theorists recognize that delinquency involves two distinct traits; associated with
these traits are two views or models that impact the interaction between the trait and
delinquency. Identify and describe these two views/models. What are your thoughts on
these models? Does one stand out as more or less relevant, or are they equally
compelling? Support your position.
Deviance is _____ determined, and the traits that cause one sibling to engage in
delinquency are shared by his or her brothers or sisters.
Gang members are getting older and the majority of them are now legal adults. Explain
why gang members are aging and how this affects gang activity.
Summarize the system of chancery courts and the concept of parens patriae: their
development, relationship, and connection to best interests of the child. Do you believe
the concept of parens patriaeis viable today? Support your view.
Under the_____ philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are informal and
nonadversarial.
Families in which the husband and wife share similar positions of power at home are
indicative of what family type?
Highly structured counseling in which a skilled therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts
and make a more positive adjustment to society is referred to as _____.
School failure may also be linked to _____ that might actually be treatable if properly
identified.
Periodic meetings to determine whether the conditions of the case plan for an abused
child are being met by the parents or guardians of the child are called _____.
One of the few approaches to interpersonal change validated by research is a treatment
that focuses on patterns of thinking and the beliefs, attitudes, and values that underlie
thinking. What is the name of this program?
Compare and contrast the similarities between the juvenile and adult systems.
Discuss problem behavior syndrome as it relates to drug abuse.
A number of common dispositions for juveniles were indicated in the text. List and
discuss five of the common juvenile dispositions you believe to be most effective.
