The theory of the working poor is the view that lower-class people form a separate
culture with their own values and norms somewhat similar to conventional society.
a. True
b. False
Research efforts have generally shown that BARJ (Balanced and Restorative Justice)
programs have little to no success in reducing offender recidivism rates.
a. True
b. False
Delinquency prevention programs directly help the adolescent, but other benefits, such
as job skill acquisition and stronger family ties, are also benefits created by these
programs.
a. True
b. False
The number of juvenile arrests for violent offenses in Japan peaked several years ago
and then began to decline.
a. True
b. False
At the _____, the attorney for the social service agency presents an overview of the
case and the evidence.
a. ad litem hearing
b. pretrial conference
c. removal hearing
d. disposition hearing
What leads to a damaged self-image and an increase in antisocial behaviors?
a. Reintegrative shaming
b. Self-fulfilling prophecy
c. Degradation ceremonies
d. Dramatization of evil
Some states grant the juvenile court judge discretion to substitute a status offense for a
delinquency charge.
a. True
b. False
Which is not a factor linked to school violence?
a. Being quiet and reserved
b. Membership in hate groups
c. Being a victim of violence
d. Drug use
Juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trial.
a. True
b. False
Nuclear families that are the product of divorce and remarriage which contain children
from each of the marriages are called broken homes.
a. True
b. False
What is the policy that substitutes alternative, community-based sanctions for state
training schools?
a. Deinstitutionalization
b. Treatment
c. Reintegration
d. Diversion
The 2009 Monitoring the Future survey indicates that _____.
a. drug use among American adolescents continues to decline
b. drug use among American adolescents continues to increase
c. alcohol consumption among American youth has increased
d. cigarette smoking among American youth has increased
An advertised position included the duty of compiling data received from local law
enforcement agencies into the Uniform Crime Report. What agency posted the
advertised position?
a. Federal Bureau of Investigation
b. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
c. Bureau of Justice Statistics
d. White House Commission on Crime and Delinquency
Which is not one of the major surveys reported in the text?
a. Pride
b. National Survey on Drug Use and Health
c. Monitoring the Future (MTF)
d. Uniform Crime Code
Itsey went to the ATM to withdraw cash for girls’ night out; a man came out of the
shadows and threatened her with bodily harm if she did not hand the cash over to him.
Itsey was the victim of what type of crime?
a. Conflict theft
b. Situational crime
c. Victim precipitated crime
d. Predatory crime
Street efficacy refers to the ability of communities to regulate the behavior of their
residents through the influence of community institutions, such as the family and
school.
a. True
b. False
The _____ has been the impetus for the states to improve the legal frameworks of their
child protection systems.
a. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
b. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act
c. Juvenile Court Act
d. Family and Delinquency Control Act
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical resident in a juvenile facility?
a. Ethnic minority
b. Roughly 15 or 16 years of age
c. Male
d. Female
What is the process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the
community and develop the skills necessary to participate and function within their
culture and environment?
a. Enculturation
b. Cultural transmission
c. Collective efficacy
d. Socialization
Messner and Rosenfeld presented the view of antisocial behavior as a function of
cultural and institutional influences in U.S. society; this view is a macro-level version
of what theory?
a. Anomie theory
b. Status theory
c. Labeling theory
d. Strain theory
Jack wanted a new iPad, but he did not want to spend the money he was saving for his
ski trip. He then considered stealing one from a local bookstore where security was lax.
Jack deliberated between the prosnew iPad and ski tripand the cons getting caught for
stealing the iPad. Given the slipshod security at the bookstore, Jack decided to steal an
iPad. Of the following theories of crime and delinquency, which one best explains
Jack’s behavior?
a. Rational choice
b. Neurological
c. Specific deterrence
d. Routine activities
Enacted in 1992, the _____ Amendment requires states to enact and enforce laws
restricting the sale of tobacco products to youths under the age of 18.
a. Franklin
b. Teslac
c. Synar
d. FDA
The city council wants suggestions for crime prevention techniques such as installing
unbreakable glass on storefronts to present to the businesses on Main Street. What is the
name of this crime prevention technique?
a. Community policing
b. Situation prevention
c. Target hardening
d. Benefits diffusion
A dysfunctional home life or psychological abnormalities are examples ofwhat type of
correlate of school failure?
a. Alienation
b. Social class
c. Tracking
d. Personal problems
According to the text, binge drinking is defined as ____.
a. having five or more alcoholic beverages on the same occasion on at least five
different days in the past 30 days
b. having five or more alcoholic beverages on the same occasion at least once in the
past 30 days
c. drinking to the extent of passing out at least once in the past 30 days
d. drinking to the extent of needing medical treatment
As opposed to other drugs, recently, crack cocaine use has been increasing in recent
years.
a. True
b. False
Most likely responsible for the exceedingly high rate of delinquency, what distinctive
feature in American society has been allowed to develop to an extraordinary degree,
according to Messner and Rosenfeld?
a. Negative affective state
b. Anomic conditions
c. Subterranean values
d. Lack of social bond
_____ is the most widely abused anesthetic drug.
a. Phencyclidine (PCP)
b. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
c. Amyl nitrite (Poppers)
d. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
The term in loco parentis is Latin for _______.
a. with the permission of a family member
b. the crime occurred in a certain location
c. in place of the parent
d. with the permission of the parent
Alice is 16 and lives with her mother and four younger siblings in an impoverished
neighborhood. Alice does well in school and will be the first of her family to graduate
from high school. She knows she could have a better life by getting a college degree,
but she does not have the means to go to college and no one ever talks to Alice about
furthering her education. Like many teenage girls her age, Alice wants trendy clothes,
fashionable shoes, and expensive handbags. Alice works part-time at the local grocery
store, but her earnings go to her mother to help with family finances. Alice is
approached and asked to carry drugs to the dealers around town. She agrees; after all,
she is not the one selling the drugs so she really is not hurting anyone. The money Alice
makes allows her to quit her job at the grocery store, help her mother, and buy clothes,
shoes, and handbags. She now thinks that is not necessary to finish school. According to
neutralization theory, which of the following techniques best fits Alice?
a. Denial of responsibility
b. Denial of injury
c. Denial of the victim
d. Appeal to higher loyalties
Delinquency prevention programs face a number of obstacles. Identify and discuss
these obstacles. Which of the obstacles do you believe to be the most problematic?
Explain.
Discuss the disposition of probation, including how it is administered and by whom and
recent trends in use.
Discuss Operation Ceasefire, including the names of some of the agencies involved in
this effort. Why do you think this initiative was successful?
It is reported that because of differential opportunity, youth are likely to join one of
three types of gangs. Identify and describe the three types of gangs. Do you agree or
disagree with the premise that differential opportunity causes youth to join gangs?
Explain your position.
The _______teaches teachers and parents of students in first through sixth grade to
reward appropriate behavior and to consistently provide negative consequences for
undesirable behavior.
On what concept should restorative programs focus?
Explain cognitive behavioral therapy and the effectiveness of the program. What are
your views on this treatment? Do you agree with the claim that it addresses such areas
as mood disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? What type of
youth-adjudicated delinquent would be the ideal candidate for this type of treatment?
Provide a rationale for your views.
Interdicting drugs, arresting drug dealers, and securing the border are examples of a
_____ drug control strategy.
Explain latent trait theories; what do you find most interesting about this theory?
Explain why you agree or disagree with this theory.
A treatment-oriented ______ approach seeks to rehabilitate youths as opposed to simply
incarcerating them.
Drugs that reduce anxiety and promote relaxation are known as ______.
What theory places a lot of emphasis on the stability brought about by romantic
relationships?
What is the name of the condition in which the prevailing emotional disposition is
distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances?
A true alternative to incarceration that involves almost daily supervision of the juvenile
by the probation officer assigned to the case is called _______________.
What do psychologists believe is affected by the way females and males are socialized?
Discuss the juvenile arrest trends presented in the text. Do you feel this information is
different than or the same as the information presented in the media? Explain your
position.
The _____ of 1908 established in England for the first time that young offenders were
to be treated differently from adult offenders.
Discuss prevention programs in regard to risk factors faced by young children. Do you
think these are viable programs for preventing delinquency? Explain your view.
Describe family conflict and its effect on delinquency. Explain which you think is
worsegrowing up in a home marked by conflict or growing up in a broken home.