Social disorganization theory links delinquency to middle-class measuring rods.
a. True
b. False
_____ mandated that juveniles have a right to notice of the allegations made against
them.
a. In re Gault
b. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
c. Graham v. Florida
d. Kent v. U.S.
Delinquency prevention programs are designed with the intention of excluding juvenile
justice personnel.
a. True
b. False
The first, and best-known, intervention program to reduce bullying among school
children was launched in _____.
a. Germany
b. Norway
c. England
d. Japan
Rebekah has a below-average IQ, a low amount of self-control, and a high degree of
impulsivity. What would these individual characteristics be considered?
a. General
b. Trajectory
c. Propensity
d. Latent traits
Traditionally, the juvenile court relied on parens patriae which mandated children be
punished for their misdeeds.
a. True
b. False
Border patrol is a strategy where overseas crops are destroyed and members of drug
cartels are arrested.
a. True
b. False
Criminal behavior is considered more a rebellion against conventional society than as
an expression of conformity to lower-class subcultural values and traditions according
to social disorganization theory.
a. True
b. False
In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is believed to be the
tremendous growth in _____.
a. immigrating youth populations
b. truancy from school
c. drug use
d. unemployment
While investigating Part I crimes you find that a little over 20% of all reported Part I
crimes are cleared by one of the following methods. What is that method?
a. Exceptional clearance
b. Dropped charges
c. Elimination of false reports
d. Arrests
What exception allows a judge to send a juvenile to a secure detention facility, in effect
criminalizing a status offense?
a. Waiver exception
b. Violation of court order exception
c. Redesgination exception
d. Commitment exception
Alicia shoplifted in a boutique known for its trendy clothes. Alicia is caught with a
$200.00 purse and a $75.00 tank top. After the charges are read aloud in court, Alicia is
severely scolded by the judge who states that Alicia’s actions were greedy and tells
Alicia it is obvious that she is self-absorbed. Alicia is adjudicated delinquent. What
process is exemplified by Alicia’s encounter with the juvenile justice system?
a. Dramatization of evil
b. Strategic labeling
c. Degradation ceremony
d. Reintegrative shaming
In the United States, the rate of teenage drug use shows increases since 1996.
a. True
b. False
If you wanted to investigate the view that women who commit crime have biological
and psychological traits similar to those of men, which of the following would you
investigate?
a. Masculinity hypothesis
b. Femininity hypothesis
c. Biosocial theory
d. Feminine perspective
According to the National Youth Gang Survey, the most recent survey of gang
membership estimates that there are _____ gang members in the United States.
a. 110,000
b. 250,000
c. 400,000
d. 774,000
It has been indicated that reporting practices in regard to self-report surveys may differ
among racial, ethnic, and gender groups and that such differences can skew data,
thereby providing misleading results. In one study, which of the following reported
results would align to gender/cultural reporting differences?
a. Boys were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport
substance abuse
b. Girls were more willing to report drug use; African American boys tended to
underreport substance abuse
c. Girls were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport
substance abuse
d. Boys were more willing to report drug use; White girls tended to underreport
substance abuse
Which of the following completes this sentence: It has been suggested that females are
more likely to engage in aggressive behavior later in life if in utero they
a. were exposed to male hormones.
b. ingested crack.
c. were not provided proper nutrition.
d. ingested large quantities of alcohol.
Both positive and negative labels involve objective interpretation of behavior.
a. True
b. False
Concerted efforts to deal with the maltreatment of children did not begin in the United
States until _____.
a. 1874
b. 1865
c. 1900
d. 1921
Those accused juveniles thought to be a danger to the community are often confined in
preventive detention.
a. True
b. False
The association between parental deviance and children’s delinquency may be related to
labeling and _____.
a. divorce
b. parental age
c. substance abuse
d. stigma
Techniques used to allow offenders to understand and recognize their wrongdoing and
to shame themselves refers to what process?
a. Degradation ceremonies
b. Retrospective reinterpretation
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Deinstitutionalization
What is the purpose of the 1989 amendment to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974?
a. It prohibits states from placing juveniles into adult facilities.
b. It mandates that juveniles must have a hearing within 24 hours of placement at a
secure detention facility.
c. It mandates that any juvenile placed at a secure detention facility must have an
attorney appointed to represent him or her.
d. It provides for the mandatory education and health care of the youth while in the
detention facility.
One of the most significant problems associated with abuse cases is the trauma a child
must go through in a court hearing.
a. True
b. False
What theory explains the existence of aggression and violent behavior as positive
adaptive behaviors in humans?
a. Neurological theory
b. Biochemical theory
c. Genetic theory
d. Evolutionary theory
There has been an ongoing effort to reduce the conflict created by the application of
harsh punishments to offenders, many of whom are powerless social outcasts.
a. True
b. False
Early English jurisprudence held that children under the age of 6 were legally incapable
of committing crimes.
a. True
b. False
Physical and sexual abuse and the toll it takes on young girls are more unique to
Western culture.
a. True
b. False
In looking at the different sources of data, you find that one source indicates Part I
offenses and Part II offenses. Which of the following releases their reports with these
types of offenses?
a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
c. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
d. Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
The Gang Prevention and Intervention Survey found that fully two-thirds of gang
members reported having members in their gang whose parents are also active
members.
a. True
b. False
The idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalies that make them biologically and
physiologically similar to throwbacks of an earlier state in human evolution was
formulated by Lombroso. What is the name of this concept?
a. Evolutionary theory
b. Criminal atavism
c. Eugenic movement
d. Morphism
_____ therapy addresses a variety of family, peer, and psychological problems by
focusing on problem solving and communication skills training.
a. Multisystemic
b. Behavioral
c. Socialization
d. Substance abuse
_____ refers to the trial stage of the juvenile court process.
a. Adjudication
b. Disposition
c. Waiver hearing
d. Detention hearing
_____ is a youth leadership program that provides young people with an opportunity to
learn techniques and cultural/historical significance of West African traditional,
Afro-Cuban, and Afro-Brazilian drumming.
Dividing students into groups according to their ability and achievement levels is
referred to as _____.
A _____ sentence is defined by a statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set
for all cases of a specific offense.
_____ is an evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender’s or another
group’s problem or dispute was handled by police.
According to the text, the African American family structure has been weakened by
what two areas of marginalization?
Describe each of the four elements of Hirschi’s social bond theory. What does Hirschi
suggest about the interrelationship of the social bond elements? Explain why you agree
or disagree with the premise of this interrelationship. Critique the theory, assessing its
strengths and weaknesses.
As people mature, their thinking patterns change due to what type of changes?
Describe the effect of inconsistent supervision on delinquency.
Explain differential labeling and the major premise of social reaction theory. Explain
your view on differential labeling.
According to strain theory, how is the ability to achieve personal goals such as owning
a nice home and car or wearing stylish clothes stratified?
Men from wealthy nations engage in sexual activities with trafficked individuals by
traveling to destinations where women and children are prostituted. What is this called?
Explain parental responsibility laws. What is the criticism of these laws? Do you agree
or disagree with such laws? Provide a rationale for your view.
What crime prevention practice makes it more difficult for a would-be delinquent to
carry out the illegal act; for example, installing a security device in a home?
What are the pros and cons of the police using different delinquency prevention
strategies?
Define parental efficacy. Describe the relationship of parental efficacy to delinquency.
One approach to reduce the costs of juvenile delinquency that focuses on stopping
delinquency before it begins is _____.