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King has been in and out of the juvenile court for a variety of minor offenses. Some
within the court refer to the court as King's revolving door as adjudication does not
appear to inhibit his delinquent behaviors. His court-appointed counselor has suggested
that the justice system may actually be sustaining rather than inhibiting King's behavior.
What theory aligns with the court counselor's view?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Social control
c. Labeling
d. Social conflict
Researchers commonly find that _____ is a stronger predictor of delinquency than such
personal variables as economic class membership or peer group relations.
a. heredity
b. school failure
c. race
d. IQ
Nearly one-fourth of the programs reviewed in the Blueprints for Violence Prevention
initiative were found to meet the established scientific standards to be proven effective.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a part of the waiver procedure?
a. Concurrent jurisdiction
b. Statutory exclusion policies
c. Informal gateway protocols
d. Judicial waiver
By common law, states in the United States may use _____ years as the minimum age
that a young person can be held criminally responsible.
a. 6
b. 7
c. 9
d. 10
Which is not a source of student alienation?
a. School size
b. School sports
c. Irrelevant curriculum
d. Lack of payoff
While the terms "child abuse" and "neglect" are used interchangeably, they both
represent different forms of maltreatment.
a. True
b. False
The juvenile court did not include a prosecutor in its first 60 years of existence because
_____.
a. it was inconsistent with the philosophy of treatment
b. there was no constitutional right to legal counsel, so a prosecutor was unnecessary
c. the judge acted as the prosecutor
d. the child was always presumed guilty
Training students to resist peer pressure is a cognitive approach to preventing
delinquency.
a. True
b. False
It is more common to have female membership in predominately male gangs than to
have single-sex, female-only gangs.
a. True
b. False
What family style is described by a father who rules with complete authority?
a. Paternalistic
b. Parens patriae
c. Matriarchal
d. Socialistic
Developmental prevention refers to interventions, especially those targeting _____
designed to prevent the growth of criminal potential in individuals.
a. status offenses
b. school failure
c. alcohol abuse
d. risk and protective factors
Stigmatized as troublemakers, youth may begin to incorporate the label into their own
self-image. What is the consequence of labeling called?
a. Self-rejecting attitude
b. Personal reassessment
c. Degradation ceremony
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy
Specific deterrence strategies may work better with adult miscreants than with young,
inexperienced juvenile offenders.
a. True
b. False
Started by Shaw and McKay, the _____ was one of the earliest juvenile delinquency
prevention programs.
a. Chicago Area Project
b. House of Refuge
c. Detached Street Workers
d. Cambridge Project
In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million
arrests were made in 2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and
how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e., higher, lower) in the overall crime rate. Of the
12.4 million arrests made in 2011, what percentage of this total did you find to be
juvenile arrests?
a. 10%
b. 11%
c. 12%
d. 13%
Gender differences are a result of the interaction of socialization and learning, but not
enculturation.
a. True
b. False
_____are subgroups of same-aged youths in Hispanic gangs that remain together and
have separate names and a unique identity in the gang.
a. Placasos
b. Controllos
c. Klikas
d. Locos
Including violence prevention curricula as part of health education classes is one type of
school-based prevention program that has received much attention in recent years in the
United States.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is the correct amount for incarcerating one juvenile in some
jurisdictions?
a. $30,000.00 / year
b. $45,000.00 / year
c. $50,000.00 / year
d. $65,000.00 / year
Trains in which urban youths were sent West for adoption with local farm couples were
called ______.
a. freedom trains
b. orphan trains
c. children's trains
d. refuge trains
Scarcity of resources increases the number of motivated offenders, which increases the
delinquency rates.
a. True
b. False
A small group of chronic offenders engage in frequent and repeated delinquent acts, but
desist as they enter their twenties.
a. True
b. False
Jill knows there are three independent yet interrelated developmental views of
delinquencypropensity theory, life-course theory, and some other theory she cannot
remember. Of the following, which is the third theory?
a. Persister theory
b. Limited engagement theory
c. Transitional theory
d. Trajectory theory
What was the name of the period that ushered in a new age for childhood and family?
a. Democratic era
b. Modern age
c. Enlightenment
d. Intellectual period
The criminal trial is called a _____ in the juvenile justice system.
a. hearing
b. fact finding session
c. mediation
d. junior trial
The fall of communism and the transition to democracy has had profound effects on
juvenile crime in those countries.
a. True
b. False
A number of states have experimented with what type of intervention to replace
juvenile court jurisdiction over most status offenses?
a. Increased social control mechanisms such as curfews
b. Mandatory family counseling
c. Limiting jurisdiction to third strike status offenders
d. Community-based treatment programs
Which traits are life-course persistent offenders more likely to manifest as opposed to
adolescent-limited offenders?
a. Low verbal reasoning, hypoactivity
b. High verbal reasoning, hypoactivity
c. Hyperactivity, high verbal reasoning
d. Low verbal reasoning, hyperactivity,
According to the text, it is now estimated that one out of _____ children are unprepared
when they enter kindergarten.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 8
d. 10
The primary agent of socialization in the United States is the _____.
a. peer group
b. school
c. media
d. church
Which of the following would you say best exemplifies a youth who has been retained
in school, is involved with deviant peers, and experiments with drugs?
a. Economically challenged youth
b. Latchkey child
c. At-risk youth
d. Juvenile delinquent
INTERPOL's measure of worldwide homicide is considered the most accurate source of
homicide statistics.
a. True
b. False
When growing up in poverty and a disorganized urban environment is used as a reason
for drug use it is called social disorganization.
a. True
b. False
Most German ____ are social misfits, with minimal education and few employment
opportunities.
Describe the changes in the American family and how these changes can affect
delinquency.
A ______ strategy assigns police officers to keep peace in local neighborhoods.
Of interest to delinquency scholars in juvenile justice victimization, what did the federal
government sponsor to determine how many youth are victims each year and which
adolescents are most likely to become victims of crime?
According to the text, what did Haynie and Piquero find increased for both boys and
girls who reached puberty at an early age?
Cohen and Felson posit that the interaction of three variables reflective of routine
American lifestyles affects the volume and distribution of predatory crime. Cohen and
Felson refer to this as routine activities theory. Define this theory and list the three
variables, providing at least three examples for each variable. Would you agree or
disagree with the premise of this theory? Provide a rationale for your view.
Discuss the pros and cons of transferring youths to an adult court.
What does recent research indicate may have been ignored by neutralization theory?
The _____ report helps the judge decide which disposition is best for the child and aids
the probation officer in developing treatment programs.
What research technique employs graphic representations of crime data patterns?
A concentrated form of cannabis made from unadulterated resin from the female
cannabis plant is called _____.
Describe Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ). Explain why you agree or disagree
that justice is best served when the victim, community, and offender are viewed as
equal clients of the justice system.
Explain the English Children Act, including the three main principles. Explain your
view of this Act.
Discuss the importance of the Gault case.
Those countries recognized by the United Nations as showing signs of improving
economic growth while making the transition from low- to high-income societies are
referred to as _____ countries.
Children who have experienced a family _____ are more likely to demonstrate
behavioral problems and hyperactivity than children in intact families.
