The early studies in LMX reported that
a. After the in-groups are formed, the vertical dyads are formed
b. After the out-groups are formed, the vertical dyads are formed
c. The vertical dyads form the basis for in-group and out-group formation
d. The vertical dyads are independent from in-group and out-group formation
The directive leadership behavior is similar to
a. Delegating in the SLII model
b. Initiating structure in the Ohio State studies
c. Consideration in the University of Michigan studies
d. Employee orientation in the University of Michigan studies
Understanding the nature of leadership has proved to be quite the challenge for
practitioners
and researchers because
a. Its appeal is limited to academics and scholars.
b. Very little research has been done.
c. It has not received much attention.