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Destroying overseas crops and arresting members of drug cartels is referred to as
______.
a. source control
b. border control
c. targeting dealers
d. community strategy
A suspect's speech, demeanor, dress, and attitude are all aspects of which discretionary
factor?
a. Environmental
b. Situational
c. Community
d. Police policy
In general, students have the right to expect that their records will be kept private.
a. True
b. False
The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out official duties in the
criminal justice system is called _______.
a. decision making
b. discretion
c. flexibility
d. unconstitutional
Gangs are a uniquely American phenomenon and do not exist outside the United States.
a. True
b. False
There is no evidence that the accuracy of survey reporting may be affected by social
and personal traits.
a. True
b. False
A requirement that juvenile offenders compensate victims of crime for property
damages, lost wages, and medical expenses is called_____________.
a. monetary restitution
b. community service restitution
c. victim service restitution
d. just desserts restitution
An evaluation study of Boston's Operation Ceasefire program found that the program
______.
a. produced a significant reduction in youth homicides in Boston
b. backfired and increased youth homicides in Boston
c. had no effect on youth homicides
d. reduced youth homicides but increased overall gang violence
Research conducted by the National Gang Crime Research Center indicates that most
youths join their first gang at age _____.
a. 7
b. 9
c. 12
d. 16
In August, Jack and Jill went on vacation. They asked their neighbor, Cole, to keep an
eye on their home and Sasha, their dog, while they were away. Cole agreed but forgot to
tell them that he would be out of town one of the days to attend a conference. To relieve
their boredom and as an end-of-summer back-to-school last hurrah, King, Itsey, and
Drew, teenagers who live in the neighborhood, decided they would break into Jack and
Jill's house to steal their sizeable collection of portable electronics. In this scenario, who
is/are the capable guardian(s)?
a. Jack and Jill
b. Cole
c. King, Itsey, and Drew
d. Sasha the dog
The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Law, passed in 1996, requires states to
pass some version of what law or risk the loss of federal aid?
a. Kayla's Law
b. Jessica's Law
c. Megan's Law
d. Jonathan's Law
Interactional theory postulates that the onset of delinquent behavior can be traced to a
deterioration of the social bond during adolescence.
a. True
b. False
Gang drawings or inscriptions written on a wall or structure and used for gang
messages and turf definition are called _____.
a. message boards
b. codes
c. signaling
d. graffiti
The most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders is referred to as _____.
a. incarceration
b. wilderness camp
c. residential treatment facility
d. probation
Once in the system, what do females receive differently compared with their male
counterparts?
a. More space
b. More equipment
c. More benefits and services
d. Fewer benefits and services
A youth who often feels threatened, overreacts to perceived slights, blames others for
fights he initiates, and is overly defensive demonstrates which of the following?
a. Neurological trauma
b. Reactive aggression
c. Bad behavior
d. Hormonal imbalance
Cohen and Felson posited that crimes against persons or crimes of theft are influenced
by the interaction of three variables: capable guardian(s), suitable target(s), and
motivated offender(s). What is the name of this theory?
a. Conflict theory
b. Social disorganization theory
c. Control theory
d. Routine activities
Which of the following best defines the term "waiver"?
a. The juvenile court equivalent of a guilty plea
b. The dismissal of all charges that have been brought against a juvenile
c. A judgment made by the juvenile court to imprison a delinquent
d. The transferring of legal jurisdiction of juveniles from the juvenile to the adult court
According to social conflict theory, those who hold power in contemporary society set
the rules, control the law, and decide who is deviant, delinquent, and/or criminal.
a. True
b. False
An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's problem or dispute
was handled by the police is called discretion.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following completes the sentence: The late bloomer's behavior becomes
increasingly violent over time because the late bloomer combines risk-taking behavior,
poor social skills, and
a. psychopathology.
b. low self-control.
c. arrested emotional development.
d. low full-scale IQ.
There are only two methods by which to classify delinquency prevention programsthe
public health approach and the developmental perspective.
a. True
b. False
Subcultural values are handed down from one generation to the next through what
process?
a. Enculturation
b. Socialization
c. Street efficacy
d. Cultural transmission
The court held in ______ that parents are protected against government interference
with certain fundamental rights and liberty interests including parent's fundamental
right to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children.
a. Troxel v. Granville
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. In re Gault
d. Stantosky v. Kramer
Jack and his family moved to a new town when Jack was 14 years old. Prior to moving,
Jack and his family had lived in the same town since Jack was born and Jack never
engaged in any type of delinquent acts. When school started, Jack had only been in
town for a few weeks and had not made friends. Not really knowing anyone, Jack began
hanging out with a group of kids who were into having a "good time." These kids, Jack
noticed, always seemed to have money. They drank alcohol, sold their own or their
siblings' ADHD medication, and stole from the local superstore. Jack also noticed that
they never, as far as he could tell, got caught. If they did, they never suffered any
negative consequences. After a while Jack, too, began to engage in the same activities
as his new friends. Which of the following theories best explains Jack's behavior?
a. Social process
b. Social control
c. Social learning
d. Social ecology
Because of the movement to toughen the juvenile justice system, which statement is
true?
a. The emphasis is on mollycoddling juveniles to 'scare them strait."
b. The role of treatment has been greatly diminished.
c. The deterrent value of juvenile justice is to be reduced.
d. Treatment is now emphasized over punishment.
When compared to males, in what three areas do female juvenile homicide offenders
have higher rates?
a. Reported childhood abuse, serious substance abuse, mental health problems
b. Serious substance abuse, reported childhood abuse, academic failure
c. Academic failure, serious substance abuse, reported childhood abuse
d. Mental health problems, academic failure, serious substance abuse
The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children were organizations whose focus
was on protecting children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school.
a. True
b. False
You are interested in studying youth who began engaging in disruptive behaviors at 5
and 6 years of age and continued to exhibit problematic behaviors throughout
adolescence and into adulthood. What, specifically, would you be investigating?
a. Age of onset phenomenon
b. Continuity of crime
c. Hard-core adolescent behaviors
d. Predictive analysis
The national custody rate of African Americans is nearly five times higher than the
custody rates for Whites.
a. True
b. False
Leo and Lila, high school students, were bored and wanted some excitement; they
abducted an 8-year-old child from the playground, later killing the child. When Leo and
Lila were arrested a few days later, they testified that killing the child was an "awesome
thrill." What theory best describes their actions?
a. Biosocial theory
b. Arousal theory
c. Environmental theory
d. Learning theory
An early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and
warring groups was known as _____.
a. the pledge system
b. the watch system
c. control system
d. the neighborhood watch system
Jill is interested in understanding the theory that focuses on power in contemporary
society. What theory should Jill investigate?
a. Social conflict
b. Social reaction
c. Social control
d. Differential association
Discuss intervention programs, providing examples.
_____ speech is a form of expression not associated with actually speaking words.
A family unit made up of parents and their children is called a _____.
Children who feel inhibited with their parents and refuse to discuss important issues
with them are more likely to engage in ____ activities.
What refers to the reassessment of a person's past to fit a current generalized label?
The Nurse"Family Partnership is the best-known ______ program.
What involves violence against women and girls, including such acts as beating,
battering, or killing, by a family member or relative to preserve cultural beliefs?
Female gang members begin to drift away from gangs when _____.
Factors linked to children who engage in serious school violence include _____. This
refers to patterns of impulsive and chronic hitting, intimidating, and bullying behaviors,
which, if left unaddressed, may later escalate into more serious behaviors.
What does the MTF survey show regarding the offending differences between African
American and White youths?
As early as 1535, the English passed statutes that allowed the courts to appoint
overseers to place destitute or neglected childrenas servants in the homes of the
affluent. What were these laws known as?
A system of positions, facial expressions, and body language used by gang members to
convey a message is called _____.
Discuss the Illinois Juvenile Court Act, including the key provisions of the act.
When police take into account a juvenile's appearance, speech, and demeanor, it is
called a ____ factor.
What program for girls ages 11 to 14 develops girls' skills to resist pressure to use
harmful substances as well as develop healthy ways to manage stress?
Discuss the early biological explanations of female delinquency, including an example.
What is your opinion of this view?
A court-appointed attorney who protects the interests of the child in cases involving the
child's welfare is called a _____.
What data source indicates that the number of people who break the law is far greater
than the number projected by official statistics?
