According to the text, _____ produce short-term euphoria followed by a period of
disorientation, slurred speech, and drowsiness.
a. barbiturates
b. anesthetic drugs
c. inhalants
d. hallucinogens
When girls are aggressive, they are just as likely as boys to hide their behavior from
adults.
a. True
b. False
When the juvenile court was first created, _____ was the standard of proof required to
adjudicate a child delinquent.
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. probable cause
c. clear and convincing
d. preponderance of the evidence
Your friend wants to investigate the nature and extent of delinquency. Name the three
best data sources for your friend to use in his or her investigation.
a. Official records, victim surveys, self-report surveys
b. Victim surveys, self-report surveys, official county records
c. Official records, secondary data sources, victim surveys
d. Official records, self-report surveys, state juvenile justice records
Teen courts are geared toward young juveniles with no prior arrest records who are
charged with minor law violations.
a. True
b. False
What are the results of ingesting heroin?
a. Euphoria, restlessness, and excitement
b. Hallucinations and drowsiness
c. Hallucinations and euphoria
d. Relief from fear and apprehension, elevation of the spirits
Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the
laws of those countries is called _____.
a. transnational crime
b. international crime
c. global crime
d. borderless crime
To offset moral constraints, youth develop a distinct set of rationalizations for engaging
in delinquent acts.
a. True
b. False
Research has found that crimes appear to be intergenerational, suggesting that parental
deviance influences delinquent behavior.
a. True
b. False
The study of juvenile delinquency involves a variety of social problems faced by youth;
it does not extend to the analysis of the various components of the justice system such
as law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
The major premise of interactional theory is that community-level risk factors make
some people susceptible to antisocial behavior.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is the most prominent propensity theory today according to the
text?
a. Adolescent-limited and life-course persistent
b. Life-course
c. General theory of crime
d. Age-graded
Indigent juveniles are provided legal defense through a public defender.
a. True
b. False
To drive home the point that the youthful suspect is an outcast who should be shunned
by society, the justice system relies on a degradation ceremony.
a. True
b. False
What program is designed to prevent serious antisocial behavior and related adolescent
problems in high-risk children entering first grade?
a. Bright Beginnings
b. SMART
c. Fast Track
d. PATHS
Involuntary apprenticeship, indenture, and binding out of children did not become
responses to the problems of indigent, delinquent, or orphaned children until the late
eighteenth century.
a. True
b. False
Jack is captain of the football team, the criminal justice student association president,
and has an outstanding GPA. He was just notified that he had received a full-ride
scholarship to an Ivy League university. The week before the big playoff game, it was
discovered that Jack had cheated on his history exam. Upon review of several of his
essays, it was also discovered that he had plagiarized a lot of the material included in
the papers. Everyone was shocked when Jack’s academic dishonesty became known
throughout the school. Jack was removed as president of the student organization as
well as captain of the football team, he could not participate in the playoff game, and
worst of all, he was stripped of the scholarship. Jack dropped out of high school rather
than return and face everyone; he eventually wound up a petty thief who was in and out
of prison.Jack’s academic dishonesty essentially created a new identity for Jack; this is
what type of labeling?
a. Primary deviance
b. Labeling
c. Secondary deviance
d. Shaming
In his early teenage years, Tom would get into minor tussles, engaging in what his
parents referred to as “rebellious teenage behaviors.” As he reached his mid-teens, Tom
started to mimic the behaviors of gang of kids at school who were always in trouble. As
he reached his senior year, Tom began to seriously consider his future. He was
concerned that his “rebellious years” might have dramatically affected his chances of
getting into a good college and he seriously curtailed his delinquent behaviors. Which
of the following describes Tom’s voyage into delinquency?
a. Conflicted offender
b. Life-course persister
c. Escalator
d. Adolescent-limited
What area or zone, according to social disorganization theory, has the heaviest
concentration of delinquency rates?
a. Zone 1
b. Zone 2
c. Zone 3
d. Zone 4
Patriarchy has been and continues to be supported by capitalists.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is more likely to be killed by firearms than are law enforcement
officers killed in the line of duty?
a. Gang member
b. Preschooler
c. High school student
d. Elementary school student
Scholars who are concerned with gender differences in crime are interested in what
distinction between males and females?
a. Lifestyles
b. Psychosocial
c. Aggression level
d. Religiosity
The type of sentence that specifies a fixed term of detention that must be served is
referred to as a/an _____ sentence.
a. indeterminate
b. mandatory
c. determinate
d. individualized
Juveniles are detained in approximately 22% of delinquency cases.
a. True
b. False
In Switzerland, one year is the longest period of time that a juvenile offender can be
sentenced to custody.
a. True
b. False
The interplay of what three relationships shapes the direction and content of adolescent
personal relationships?
a. Attachment, conflict, gender
b. Gender, power, conflict
c. Power, attachment, gender
d. Conflict, attachment, power
According to critical feminists, what triggers the onset of female delinquency and
deviant behavior?
a. Capitalism
b. Abusive upbringing
c. Exploitation
d. Changing role of women
_____, such as Project ALERT, have been shown to be successful in training
middle-school youths to avoid recreational drugs and to resist peer pressure to use
cigarettes and alcohol.
a. Community-based programs
b. Educational programs
c. Mentor-Buddy programs
d. Source-Target programs
An organized gang is involved in few delinquent activities and heavily involved in drug
use and sales.
a. True
b. False
A typical resident of the House of Refuge devoted most of his or her time to _____.
a. education
b. religious instruction
c. supervised labor
d. vocational training
What is the name of the process whereby youth move between behavior that is
sometimes unconventional or deviant and at other times restrained and thoughtful?
a. Rebellious
b. Drift
c. Neutralized
d. Subterranean
Youth may be forced to choose delinquent behavior to help them solve problems; by
engaging in antisocial behaviors some youth are able to exert control over their lives
and destinies.
a. True
b. False
Social process theory takes the view that where one lives is more important than how
one lives.
a. True
b. False
If the murder rate was 5 in 2011, this means that 4.7 people in how many were
murdered during the calendar year 2011?
a. 1,000
b. 10,000
c. 100,000
d. 1 million
Explain how environmental factors would influence a police officer’s use of discretion.
Do you think environmental factors are important in discretionary decision making?
Why or why not?
According to the _____ view, youths join gangs to satisfy a desire to be needed and to
be a part of something.
Identify and describe the delinquency control strategies based on rational choice; be
sure to include applications and problems associated with prevention. Of these
strategies, which one would you identify as producing the best outcomes for decreasing
delinquency? Would you use the prevention as described or would you modify it in
some manner? If so, how would you modify the strategy? If not, why not? Provide a
rationale for your view.
_____ occurs when parents have such large families that their resources, such as time
and money, are spread too thin, causing lack of familial support and control.
According to direct association, social forces play a secondary role in the production of
deviant behaviors; what then produces delinquency according to this concept?
_____ programs were instituted in the 1960s as a part of President Lyndon Johnson’s
War on Poverty.
Discuss the roles of the juvenile defense attorney.
_____ is inscriptions or drawings on walls and structures that convey gang messages
and define turf.
The conflict police officers face that revolve around the requirement to do their duty as
law enforcement officers and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders is called
___.
The three largest African American gangs are _____, _____, and _____.
Identify and describe Merton’s five modes of social adaptation. Which mode is stated as
being most closely associated with delinquency? Do you agree or disagree with this
association? What is the rationale for your view?
Targeting gangs and arresting members for any law violation is referred to as a _____.
On the surface, incapacitation may appear as a logical means to reduce juvenile
offending. However, strict incapacitation policies do not always produce the desired
effects. List four of the six arguments presented in the text that incapacitation may not
actually reduce juvenile crime rates. What is your position in regard to the arguments?
Do you agree or disagree? Explain your position.
Advocates of community policing regard the approach as useful in juvenile justice for a
number of reasons. Name the reasons indicated in the text. Explain your view on
community policing and delinquency.
What theory asserts that our culture polarizes males and females, forcing them into
exclusive gender roles of “feminine” and “masculine?”
Discuss Arizona v. Gant (2009). What is the history of the case, what constitutional
amendment is under scrutiny, and how did the Court rule? Do you agree or disagree
with the Courts holding? Explain.
_____ that include targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violation,
have not proven to be effective against gangs.
Name two types of shaming.