Students living in low-income families are approximately _____ times more likely to
drop out than their peers from high-income families.
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight
One reason to conduct cross-country studies would be to assess which countries have
high and low delinquency rates.
a. True
b. False
Gang members are increasingly getting older, due in part to a worsening economy.
a. True
b. False
Compatible information and data extracted and pooled together from data gathered
from a number of previous studies is referred to as data mining.
a. True
b. False
Student alienation has also been identified as a link between school failure and
delinquency.
a. True
b. False
The courts upheld a school system’s right to suspend a student who uses obscene or
profane language and gestures in _____.
a. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
b. Wisconsin v. Yoder
c. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
d. Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser
Identify and describe sources of labels and how labels from the juvenile justice system
can be devastating. Explain why you agree or disagree with this idea.
Efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need is
called_____________.
a. community treatment
b. rehabilitation
c. community watch
d. community guidance
The 18th Street Gang is believed by some experts to be the largest gang in the nation.
a. True
b. False
If you were to look for a theory of delinquency that links a youth’s engagement in
delinquent acts to the struggle of being locked out of the economic mainstream, thereby
creating anger and frustration and ultimately leading to delinquency, which of the
following theories would best fit this description?
a. Social process
b. Strain
c. Social structure
d. Social disorganization
Male aggression may be more a matter of socialization or cultural patterns than genetic
transfer.
a. True
b. False
According to official statistics, minority youths are arrested for serious criminal
behavior at a rate that is proportionate to their representation in the population.
a. True
b. False
_____ programs reach out to some of the highest-risk youths by using local groups.
a. Social organization
b. Community-based
c. School achievement
d. Substance abuse
With a focus on the forerunner of delinquency, what area did the Gluecks research?
a. Economic conditions
b. Early onset of delinquency
c. School failure
d. Abuse and neglect
As soon as they were physically able to do so, children of peasants were expected to
engage in adult roles.
a. True
b. False
Police reform efforts of the 1930s resulted in the creation of specialized police units,
known as _____.
a. child savers
b. juvenile watch system
c. delinquency control squads
d. juvenile order system
Juveniles as young as 15 years old sufficiently understand their Miranda rights.
a. True
b. False
Periodic meetings to determine whether the conditions of the case plan for an abused
child are being met by the parents or guardians of the child are called _____.
a. sentencing hearings
b. juvenile delinquent hearings
c. review hearings
d. juvenile justice hearings
Asian gang members are known for their distinctive dress codes.
a. True
b. False
Jack is susceptible to environmental influences; consequently, whenever Jack
encounters adverse social environments he becomes aggressive. Conversely, when Jack
encounters supportive environments he is less aggressive than someone who is not
susceptible to environmental influences. Which of the following models best describes
Jack?
a. Atavistic model
b. Vulnerability model
c. Biochemical model
d. Differential susceptibility model
Alice is considered introverted. She has never engaged in any type of delinquent
activities. A student at Sabre High School, her social skills are not commensurate with
her age, prompting classmates to call her stupid. Her manner of dress is viewed by her
peers as “weird.” She is shunned in the cafeteria and is never chosen for group
assignments or as a lab partner. As a result of Alice’s social condemnation by her
classmates, she begins to commit minor and then more serious acts of delinquency. The
process experienced by Alice is best associated with which of the following theories?
a. Social conflict
b. Labeling
c. Social control
d. Differential association
In England, the _____is(are) in charge of criminal prosecutions of juveniles and adults.
a. prosecutor
b. judge
c. Crown’s ProsecutionService
d. police
Mechanisms such as direct criticism, ridicule, ostracism, desertion, or physical
punishment are considered what form of social control?
a. Public social control
b. Institutional social control
c. Formal social control
d. Informal social control
Jill installed a camera at the front door of her boutique to dissuade shoplifting; after a
month, she also found less loitering and graffiti on her storefront walls. Which of the
following describes the phenomenon Jill discoveredthat a prevention method to cut
back on one type of criminal activity also lowered the number of incidents of a different
criminal behavior?
a. Target hardening
b. Specific deterrence
c. Community policing
d. Diffusion of benefits
According to early versions of control theory, poor self-esteem produces maladaptive
social relations, which in turn opens the door for a youth to engage in delinquent
behavior; in other words, poor self-esteem is the trigger.
a. True
b. False
Differential association theory maintains that delinquency is motivated by political or
legal processes.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, Zimmerman found that in high-crime neighborhoods, impulsive
youth were no more delinquent than their nonimpulsive peers.
a. True
b. False
Those who fail to meet expected levels of school achievement are referred to as _____.
a. failures
b. truants
c. underachievers
d. latchkey children
Which of the following would not be considered a warrantless search?
a. Stop-and-frisk
b. Home entry
c. Consent search
d. Searches pursuant to a court order
The most widely cited parenting skills program is one created by the ______.
a. Administration on Children, Youth, and Families
b. Oregon Social Learning Center
c. Westinghouse Learning Center
d. Administration for Children and Families
Define foster care. Describe the various aspects of the current foster care population
indicated by the text as noteworthy.
Discuss why detention is increasing. Do you agree with the speculation regarding
“correction of biases”? Explain why or why not?
What important principle of social reaction theory states that those with economic and
social power benefit while those who are powerless are penalized?
______ is a nonaddictive substance that satisfies the cravings caused by heroin.
_____ is essential in providing individualized justice.
Identify and describe the six forms that abuse and neglect may take. How would you
define abuse and neglect?
When police conform to the community’s norms in deciding on an arrest, it is called
a(n) ____ factor.
When an adolescent’s use of drugs occurs because those he or she knows uses drugs, it
is called _____.
Explain the elements of Spergel’s Community Gang Control Program.
Mass murders in which a spouse and one or more children are slain are called _____.
What is precocious sexuality?
What are significant predictors of serious delinquent behaviors?
What rates for women decline as they are empowered socially, economically, and
legally?
The rules mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way is called the
_____.
Distinguish between community treatment and institutional treatment of juvenile
offenders.