Those drug dealers who are associated with gangs but are of least value to them are
called ______.
a. petty dealers
b. persistent dealers
c. losers
d. frequent dealers
Multisystemic therapy, which addresses a wide variety of family, peer, and
psychological problems, is which type of drug control strategy?
a. Community
b. Education
c. Treatment
d. Harm reduction
Girls are less affected by the quality of the mother’s parenting and post-divorce parental
conflict.
a. True
b. False
Violence prevention curriculum for adolescents is one type of school-based prevention
program. What does the curriculum hope to achieve?
a. Present anger as a normal, potentially constructive human emotion
b. Encourage the free expression of anger whenever the emotion emerges
c. Develop methods to suppress anger and other self-destructive emotions
d. Develop age-appropriate expressions of anger
What theory modified social control theory by adding elements of trait and rational
choice theories and shifting focus from social control to self-control?
a. Differential association
b. Age-graded
c. Life-course
d. General theory of crime
The developmental perspective is characterized in part by its implementation from
childhood to transition to work as an adult.
a. True
b. False
Tracking has little relation to school failure.
a. True
b. False
The attorney responsible for bringing the state’s case forward against the accused
juvenile is called the_____.
a. sheriff
b. court counselor
c. social worker
d. juvenile prosecutor
Drew was certified LD in reading; she is often frustrated with her studies and will often
engage in inappropriate behaviors in school. What rationale assumes that Drew’s
frustration leads to a negative self-image and acting out problems?
a. Susceptibility rationale
b. Environmental rationale
c. School failure rationale
d. Cognitive learning rationale
One report found that by age 5, children who experienced the enriched daycare offered
by Head Start averaged a 10-point gain on their IQ scores.
a. True
b. False
The federal government sponsors the _____ to measure gang activity within the United
Sates.
a. Gang Victimization Survey
b. Delinquent Youth Report
c. National Youth Gang Survey
d. Gang and Delinquency Survey
Integrated theories focus on the relatively simple question: “Why do people commit
crime?”
a. True
b. False
In _____, the police response to juvenile delinquency is based on a welfare approach.
a. China
b. Japan
c. Korea
d. Thailand
The least restrictive alternative doctrine stipulates that programs should be chosen with
the least restrictive setting that would still be in the best interest of the child.
a. True
b. False
On what is the development process for gender differences based, according to
Maccoby?
a. Biology differences combined with individual personalities
b. Socialization of youth within families
c. Individual personalities
d. The manner in which youth socialize and how relationships are structured
Drug dealers who sell the majority of drugs in parks, schools, or other public places are
called ______.
a. petty dealers
b. persistent dealers
c. losers
d. frequent dealers
The belief often espoused by courts that juvenile offenders have a statutory right to
treatment while under the jurisdiction of the courts is called _____________.
a. restorative justice
b. balanced treatment
c. right to rehabilitation
d. right to treatment
DARE is a program that informs children about the dangers of drug use.
a. True
b. False
Scholars in delinquency have identified a variety of factors that influence juvenile
crime rates and trends; it was noted that a harbinger of future increases in the
delinquency rate may be a sudden increase in which of the following areas?
a. Drug use
b. Curfew violations
c. Online bullying
d. School dropout rates
If the were task to locate a data source that included a nationally representative sample
and respondents were to include individuals ages 12 through 18, which of the following
would best meet this requirement?
a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b. Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
c. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
The age group defined as “juvenile” is relatively the same across countries.
a. True
b. False
Your friend wants to examine the life cycle of crime and delinquency, as research in this
area can have a major influence in decision making at a higher level. By examining this
area, what does your friend hope to influence?
a. Policy at the state level
b. Theory regarding policy
c. Both theory and policy
d. Policy directed at juvenile ordinances
The only national estimate of the costs of juvenile delinquency focuses on _____.
a. status crimes
b. sexual crimes
c. juvenile violence
d. substance abuse
According to Jeffrey Fagan, the _____ gang is heavily involved in criminality; drug use
and sales are related to other criminal acts.
a. social
b. party
c. serious delinquent
d. organized
If someone were interested in researching the theory that holds the view that society is
in a constant state of internal conflict as different groups strive to impose their will on
others, what theory would best fit their research interest?
a. Social control
b. Social conflict
c. Labeling
d. Symbolic interaction
According to the text, in New Zealand, the specialized youth aid sections of the police
departments have reportedly diverted more than half of the juvenile offenders out of the
juvenile justice system.
a. True
b. False
Research indicates that a gender difference exists in how risk-taking behaviors in
adolescence affect marital outcomes in adulthood.
a. True
b. False
Jack and Joe are significantly similar in their personal characteristics such as
intelligence, levels of aggression, and verbal skills. Which of the following best
describes Jack and Joe?
a. Monozygotic twins
b. Dizygotic twins
c. Polyzygotic multiples
d. Brothers close in age
International statistics gathered by the ______ are considered the most accurate in
regard to homicides.
a. United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
b. World Health Organization
c. International Criminal Police Organization
d. International Association of Chiefs of Police
Wolfgang found that many offenders engage in frequent and repeated offending across
their life span.
a. True
b. False
What is the basic philosophy at the disposition hearing?
a. Dispositions should be made in the best interest of the child.
b. Dispositions should use retribution as the determination of the sentence.
c. Under the doctrine of parens patriae, the parent should choose the ultimate
disposition.
d. Dispositions should only look at the evidence presented at the adjudication hearing.
Laub and Sampson found that adolescents who were adjudicated delinquent at an early
age were no more likely to develop antisocial attitudes as adults than were adolescents
who were never adjudicated delinquent.
a. True
b. False
The Supreme Court recognized in _____ the child’s right to be free from parental abuse.
a. Troxel v. Granville
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. In re Gault
d. Stantosky v. Kramer
Improving students’ psychological assets and self-image to give them the resources to
resist antisocial behaviors is an example of an ___ school-based prevention program.
______ was started in 1978 by a group of young people in New York City to provide
job training in carpentry and construction to disadvantaged, unemployed youths.
What designation became popular at the onset of the twentieth century when the first
separate juvenile courts were instituted?
Many of the buildings are boarded up and left to decay, the majority of the residences in
the area are apartment buildings with a transient population, no one seems to care about
their neighborhood, and according to statistics, the area is densely populated. What
zone does this describe?
Discuss why youths drop out of school. Would you agree or disagree with the reasons
presented in the text? Explain.
_____ policies mandate specific consequences for delinquent acts and do not allow
anyone to avoid these consequences.
Discuss the four sources of student alienation. Of these, which do you believe to be the
most relevant? Explain.
Juveniles who are orphaned or whose parents cannot care for them and are therefore
placed with families who provide them care are part of a ____ program.
Why do the meanings of concepts and symbols change over time?
_____ advocates want to reduce the court’s jurisdiction over juveniles charged with
serious crimes and liberalize the prosecutor’s ability to try them in adult courts.
In Kent v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that a child has _____ rights, such as
the right to have an attorney present.
Repeated, negative acts committed by one or more children against another are defined
as _____.
_____ guidelines are the recommended length of confinement and kinds of aftercare
assistance most effective for a juvenile who has committed a specific offense.
Nationwide during the past decade, teenage birthrates have declined substantially with
the sharpest decline found among what group?
The Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice is also referred
to as the ____, named after the city where they were adopted.
It was this case, _____, which established proof beyond a reasonable doubt as necessary
for conviction of a juvenile defendant.
What crime prevention method relies on reducing the opportunity to commit criminal
acts by making them more difficult to perform, reducing their reward, and increasing
their risks?