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Trajectory theorists recognize that career delinquents may travel multiple roads.
a. True
b. False
Crime control advocates suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer
its functions to community groups and social service agencies.
a. True
b. False
By focusing attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individual
behavior, what does labeling theory recognize about delinquency?
a. Labeling a youth as delinquent does not matter
b. Delinquency is not a disease or pathological behavior
c. Understanding agencies or individuals charged with control over delinquents is not
necessary
d. There is no distinction between delinquent acts
In Ingraham v. Wright, the courts ruled on the issue of _____.
a. search and seizure
b. school prayer
c. free speech
d. corporal punishment
Heroin is produced from _____.
a. an alkaloid derivative of the coca plant
b. dried leaves of the cannabis plant
c. combining speed and methamphetamine
d. opium poppy flowers
In the long run it is less damaging to be falsely accused than to be a secret deviant.
a. True
b. False
Trixie is assigned to research a theory for her juvenile delinquency class; she is also
interested in gender and class structure. She decides she should look for a theory
holding the view that gender differences in the delinquency rate are a function of class
differences and economic conditions that influence the structure of family life. Which
of the following should Trixie research?
a. Gender-schema
b. Critical feminism
c. Power-control
d. Critical-power
Juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system have little relationship to each
other.
a. True
b. False
A youth has difficulties with forming emotional bonds, trusting others, and
demonstrating respectful behavior. Which theory applies here?
a. Attachment theory
b. Learning theory
c. Mood disorder theory
d. Psychodynamic theory
As part of a school project, Jack compared the rate of victimization between teens and
people over the age of 65. Jack was surprised when he learned that
a. as a teenager, Jack was 21 times more likely to be victimized than his grandparents.
b. as a teenager, Jack was 15 times more likely to be victimized than his grandparents.
c. as a teenager, Jack and his grandparents each have an equal chance of being
victimized.
d. Jake's grandparents were 15 times more likely to be victimized than Jake.
Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender,
competency and individualized attention is called_____________.
a. balanced probation
b. general accountability
c. formal probation
d. aftercare
Correctional centers designed especially for juveniles by federal, state, and county
governments are called _____________.
a. juvenile jails
b. institutional treatment facilities
c. community treatment facilities
d. community prisons
What theory maintains that all people have the potential to violate the law, as modern
society presents many opportunities for illegal activities that promise immediate reward
and gratification?
a. Social bond
b. Social learning
c. Social structure
d. Social control
In regard to gang control, _____ refers to one or more police officers, usually from
youth or detective units who are assigned exclusively to gang-control work.
a. gang details
b. youth services programs
c. gang units
d. gang breakers
What theorists view the law and justice system as vehicles for controlling the have-not
members of society?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Social control
c. Social conflict
d. Labeling
Males do better in tasks that require retrieval from long-term memory while females
excel in tasks that require visual image manipulation.
a. True
b. False
A positive prior factor in an individual's life that decreases the risk of future delinquent
behaviors is termed a(n) _____.
a. protective factor
b. positive factor
c. lucky break
d. proactive factor
Individual traits and childhood experiences are important in understanding the
continuity of crime into adulthood.
a. True
b. False
In _____, a child of 6 can be held responsible for his or her criminal action.
a. France
b. England
c. Sri Lanka
d. Austria
______ are defined as those adjudicated delinquent for crimes of homicide, rape,
robbery, aggravated assault, and kidnapping.
a. Violent juvenile offenders
b. Superpreditor delinquents
c. Young adult offenders
d. Transferred juveniles
The school experience is not a significant factor in shaping the direction of an
adolescent's life course.
a. True
b. False
Tom and Jerry were neighbors. Jerry would often go to Tom's house as a retreat from
his own dysfunctional household. For a short period of time, Tom and Jerry hung out
together when Tom was in his rebellious years. Jerry did not do as well as Tom in
school as his cognitive abilities were lower, limiting Jerry's academic success.
Additionally, Jerry engaged in far more antisocial behavior as compared to Tom. When
Tom left for college, Jerry was becoming increasingly more entangled in drugs and
criminality. Which of the following best describes Jerry?
a. Latent trait criminality
b. Life-course persister
c. Escalator
d. Adolescent-limited
It was determined that any criminal activities perpetrated by the respondents would, for
obvious reasons, not be included. It was also believed that forgetfulness,
embarrassment, and/or fear might be problematic. What type of error would this
constitute?
a. Underreporting error
b. Question formatting error
c. Sampling error
d. Overreporting error
Asian gangs tend to be far less territorial and less openly visible than other ethnically
centered groups.
a. True
b. False
This group would prefer that the courts scale back their judicial role and transfer their
functions to community groups and social service agencies.
a. child savers
b. child advocates
c. crime control advocates
d. children's aid societies
In England, more than _____ of cases recommended for prosecution are subsequently
dismissed by the prosecution.
a. 10%
b. 18%
c. 25%
d. 20%
One major source of youth violence in Germany has come from skinheads.
a. True
b. False
Families in which parents integrate their children into the household unit while helping
them assert their individuality and regulate their own behavior is called _____.
a. sibling efficacy
b. family efficacy
c. parental efficacy
d. child efficacy
Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in
electronic monitoring programs than in traditional programs.
a. True
b. False
There is no relationship between adolescent aggression and disrupted dependency
relations with parents.
a. True
b. False
The _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution places limitations on police
interrogation procedures.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
In the United States, which of the following groups comprise the largest proportion of
children in foster care?
a. African American
b. Hispanic American
c. European American
d. Asian American
In _____, the court held that a protective screen is allowed in order that the child
witness would not have to see the accused defendant.
_____ suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to
community groups and social service agencies.
When drug use is just one of many problem behaviors, the patterns is called _____.
What is restorative justice?
______ is the best-known and largest job training program in the United States.
Describe the adolescent-limited and life-course persistent offenders' theory of crime.
Explain why you agree or disagree with this theory.
The text suggests that various gender differences in development (e.g., socialization,
cognition, and personality) may pave the way for future differences in misbehaving.
Discuss personality differences. Explain why you agree or disagree with this premise.
A technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and
punishments is referred to as ______.
Discuss diversion in regard to juveniles.
Delinquency experts have identified a variety of social, economic, personal and
demographic factors that influence juvenile crime trends. Identify and describe five of
the nine listed influences as presented in the text. Which of the influences you listed do
you believe to have the most impact on delinquency? Explain your position.
What agency of the federal government was created to identify the needs of youths and
fund policy initiatives in the juvenile justice system?
Discuss the history of juvenile policing in the early American colonies through the
1930s.
Identify and describe the levels within our society where restorative justice is being
utilized. What is your view on restoration programs in these areas? Provide a rationale
for your view.
International comparisons involve two or more _____.
_____ was a problem-oriented policing approach that was developed as part of the
Youth Violence Strike Force in Boston.
Discuss teen violence in Germany and France. In your opinion, does teen violence in
these countries mirror teen violence in the United States? Explain.
Biosocial theories focus attention on biological and psychological conditions that
promote antisocial behavior. Identify and describe the four major biosocial theories,
including the strengths of each of the four theories. What is your opinion of biosocial
theories? Do you agree or disagree with the premise? Explain your position.
Name the three independent yet overlapping theories that reside within the social
structure perspective.
What is the process of creating a worldwide economy through transnational markets
and political and legal systems and who is most affected?
Explain the developmental perspective to classify delinquency prevention activities.
