A strength of the psychodynamic approach is
a. It focuses on the conscious thoughts and behaviors of leaders
b. It categorizes overt behaviors in organizations
c. It provides broad investigation of organizations
d. It addresses undercurrents of organizational life
Levinson extended the work of and collaborated with the work at Menninger Clinic and
applied psychodynamic theory to management and leadership. He linked the failure of
managers to effectively contain anxieties of workers to
a. Low employee turnover
b. High employee turnover
c. Low employee production
d. Employee depression
A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of female and male leaders found all of
these except
a. Overall, women and men were equally effective leaders.
b. Women and men were more effective in leadership roles congruent with their gender.
c. Men were more effective than women in government and education organizations.