1 For Hull, mechanistic S-R connections lead us to reward; for Tolman, we follow
a(n)
Cognitive map
2 Latent-learning studies established that __________ is/are not always
necessary for learning to occur.
Reward
3 An associative-link expectancy represents the
Pavlovian Conditioning aspect of an expectancy
4 The irrelevant incentive effect described by Dickinson and Nicholas was due to
Pavlovian conditioning
5 According to Seligman (1975), _____________ is the “common cold of
psychopathology.”
Depression
6 Acquiring the belief that events are unrelated and out of our control can lead
to
Depression
7 Behavioral symptoms of learned helplessness include emotional disturbance,
cognitive deficits, and
Motivational deficits
When subjects in a learned helplessness task expect that their behavior will not influence environmental
events, they have developed a(n)
cognitive deficit
A study by Miller and Seligman (1973) found that depressed people
retain the expectation of failure even when successful
When the environment is structured such that no one can control future events, we suffer from
Specific
An individual is more likely to become depressed if he or she believes that
personal problems are due to internal, stable, and ___________ factors.
Universal helplessness
Phobic behavior is motivated by fear, which leads to ______________ behavior.
Avoidance
Which neurotransmitter found in the locus coeruleus has been implicated in learned
helplessness?
Norepinephrine
The belief that one can or cannot execute a particular action is called
efficacy expectation
Bandura felt that ___________ was/were an effective treatment for phobias.
Modeling.
Traditional Learning Theories.
An intense internal force that motivates behavior is known as a(n)
Ans Drive
What, according to Hull, is reinforcing?
Drive induction
If drive motivation is based on deprivation, incentive motivation is based on
Reward Value
Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state.
Hull called these
