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1. What is operations management and how has it evolved since World War II in the
United States?
Operations management is the science and art of ensuring that good and service are created and
delivered successfully to customers. It includes the design of goods, services and the processes
that create them: the day-to-day management of those processes; and the continual improvement
of these goods, services, and processes. Threes issues are at the core of operations management:
efficiency, cost, and quality. (Collier & Evans, 2017)
Since World War II, Operation Management was mainly focused on improving labor efficiency
to minimizing cost of manufacturing goods in mass scale to meet the needs of local markets.
During this period, specific textbooks on OM were written and the term ‘‘operations’’ was
introduced to extend the scope of OM into service settings. Later, entrepreneurs realized that
only large-scale production at minimum cost wouldn’t be sufficient to meet the changing needs
of customers and thus they started focusing on ‘quality’. Industrial revolution had many positive
impacts on society, including expansion of ‘market’ of commercially manufactured goods as
well as improvement of communication. As a result, businesses started facing competition in the
market. Having been encountered by such challenge, business started to realize that they had to
meet the ever changing customer demand. Then, they started focusing on product designing,
customization, and on-time supply of their goods in the market. As time goes on, market started
turning complex, so did the business concept.
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