Principles of Management |
CHAPTER 2: HISTORY OF
MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
William G. “Bill” Borges
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Principles of Management |
Learning Outcomes
•2.1 Understand management as a science and as an art.
•2.2 Describe the three classical viewpoints of management: scientific
management, administrative (hành chính) management, and
bureaucratic (quan liêu) management.
•2.3 Explain the behavioral science perspective of management.
•2.4 Describe the quantitative perspective of management.
•2.5 Discuss the two contemporary views of management: systems
view and contingency view.
•2.6 Describe the challenges in contemporary management.
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Principles of Management |
Management: A Science Or An Art?
Management
is a Science
•Believes in specific best practices for
management
•Uses objective, universal solutions to problems
based on fact and evidence
Management
is an Art
•Believes in importance of social and political
contexts of managerial issues
• Uses managers’ knowledge and experience to
solve problems
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Good management is a balance of both science and art! Science establishes general
principles that guide organizations, while the art of human skill puts those principles to
their best use.
Principles of Management |
Classical Management
•The oldest formal school of management thought.
•Discusses methods to make organizations more efficient.
I. Scientific Management
•Focuses on maximizing worker productivity.
•Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management:
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✓
Separation of planning and doing
✓
Functional foremanship
✓
Elements of scientific management –Scientific methods, Standardization, and Centralization
✓
Bilateral mental revolution
✓
Financial incentives
✓
Economy
Principles of Management |
•Mental revolution implies changing the attitude of the workers and
the managers. aimed at improving the thinking of both, to create a
better working environment. The workers and the manager should
change their attitude and each one should realise others importance.
Both should work towards the common goals of the organisation.
Management should take care of the needs of the workers and share
the benefits with them. On the other hand, workers should put in
their best efforts. Thus, the concept of Mental Revolution enunciated
on cooperation and mutual trust between the workers and the
managers…..
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Principles of Management |
Classical Management (Cont’d)
I. Scientific Management (Cont’d)
•Harrington Emerson’s 12 Principles of Efficiency:
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✓
Clearly defined ideals
✓
Planning and dispatching
✓
Sound judgment and common sense
✓
Standards and schedules
✓
Competent counsel
✓
Standardized conditions
✓
Discipline
✓
Standardized operations
✓
Fairness in deals
✓
Written standard-practice instructions
✓
Reliable and accurate records
✓
Efficiency rewards
Classical Management (Cont’d)
II. administrative (hành chính) Management
•Concerns the management of the whole organization instead of individual employees.
•Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management:
✓
Division of work
✓
Centralization
✓
Authority and responsibility
✓
Scalar chair
