AIM: How has the cycle of the two party system shaped historical eras through critical
elections and party realignment?
1840 – 1854
The second party system emerged from a split within the Democratic-Republican party
Democratic Party: Andrew Jackson
Whig Party: Henry Clay
Democrats gradually came to support Whig policies, such as industrialization and
railroads, draining Whig support.
The issue of slavery and its expansion into the western territories split the Whigs in the
early 1850s.
For the first time, voters identified with one party, or the other. Parties paraded around
campaigning for votes.
1854 – 1896
1860 – 1928 – two republican eras
Republican dominance lasted for 36 years.
The third party system emerged from divisions over slavery. The two major parties of the
1850s continued to dominate American politics after the Civil War – Democratic and
Republican.
Republicans rose due to the antislavery party, and adopted much of the Whig platform.
Both parties were largely controlled by business interests in the 1880s and 1890s.
Farmers in the South and West opposed both parties – Populists
These Populists failed to build a solid party organization, but succeeded in getting the
Democrat’s attention.
1896 – 1932
Republican era, then Woodrow Wilson (democrat) became elected for two terms and
served as president from 1912 – 1920. After, the republicans took over again until 1932.
Voting blocs – Republicans were stronger than ever in the industrial North, and won
support from people of all economic classes.
Progressive movement rose in response, demanding reforms of industry and society.
Election of 1896
Revolved around the gold standard
