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This essay portrays how the different factors including social-cultural, economical and
environmental affects the tourism industry of developing countries like Indonesia, India, Nigeria
and Kenya. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a term used to describe the economic, social and
environmental responsibilities of all stakeholders. TBL is directly tied to the concepts and goals
of sustainable development and is a relatively new measure and is a concept that is closely
related to social responsibility (Stoddard et al. 2010). So taking the 3 aspects of TBL, the
paragraph below will compare and contrast sustainable aspects of different countries facing
similar types of related challenges on sustainable tourism.
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to
countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional
purposes. These people are called visitors that may be either tourists or excursionists; residents
or non-residents and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism
expenditure (United Nations World Tourism Organization 2008). Tourism has become one of the
most significant export sectors in many developing countries. A general theory says that it not
only increases foreign exchange income but also creates employment opportunities, stimulates
the growth of the tourism industry and advantages of this, triggers overall economic growth
(Samimi et al. 2011). Money paid by tourists would be used several times and after long series of
transfers over given period of time and passes through several sector of a national economy
leading to create multiplier effect. As such, tourism development has become an important target
for most governments, especially for developing countries (Barcelona Field Study centre 2018).
