The Reproductive System And Mammary Gland Diseases

The Reproductive system and

mammary gland diseases (Part 2)

By

Dr. Muhammad Shahzad

Aslam

Ph.D., M.Phil., Pharm-D, R.Ph

Learning objectives

•Understanding the Pathogenesis, morphology

and clinical features of Endometriosis

•Discuss different types of Endometrial

hyperplasia

•Understanding the Pathogenesis, morphology

and clinical features of Endometrial Carcinoma

•Describe the general features of Leiomyoma of

uterus

•Describe the general features and epidemiology

of Gestational trophoblastic diseases

•Discuss the different types of Ovarian tumors

Endometriosis

 Multifocal

Involves pelvic structures

Possible pathogenesis??

Regurgitation theory

Metaplastic theory

vascular or lymphatic dissemination theory

Morphology

 Functioning endometrium

Aberrant foci, they usually appear grossly as red–

brown nodules or implants. They range in size from

microscopic to 1 to 2 cm in diameter

chocolate cysts

Clinical features

Extensive scarring of the oviducts and ovaries often

produces discomfort in the lower abdominal

quadrants and eventual sterility.

Rectal wall involvement may produce pain on

defecation, while involvement of the uterine or

bladder serosa can cause dyspareunia (painful

intercourse) and dysuria, respectively.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Simple hyperplasia

Complex hyperplasia

Atypical hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia

Endometrial Carcinoma

Common in U.S.A

Age= 55 and 65 year

Types= endometrioid and serous carcinoma

Postmenopause vs. perimenopause

Pathogenesis

Risk factors:

(1) obesity, (2) diabetes, (3) hypertension, (4) infertility,