第二章 Chapter 2
中国历史与社会
The History and Society of China
内容提要
Essentials
1.中国的早期历史与文明
The Early History and Civilization of China
2.孔子及其影响
Confucius and His Influence
3.古代中国的强盛与衰落
The Rise and Fall of Ancient China
4.中国社会的现代转型
The Modern Transition of Chinese Society
中国的早期历史与文明
The Early History and Civilization of
China
读前思考 Pre-reading Questions
1. 中国早期的文明和文化是如何发展起来
的？
How did the early civilization and
culture of China grow?
2.你知道甲骨文和青铜器吗？它们的用
途是什么？
Have you ever heard of 甲骨文
(inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells) or
青铜(bronzes)? What are their functions?
中国的史前文明
China’s Archeology and Mythology in Pre-history
北京房山周口店北京人遗址博物馆
Zhoukoudian Site Museum of Peking Man in Fangshan, Beijing
甲骨文和青铜器
Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells and
Bronzes
河南安阳殷墟出土的甲骨文
Inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed from Yin
Ruins of Anyang, Henan Province
At the site of the Shang
capital we have found many
animal bones such as cow
blade bones and tortoise
shells that bore various
markings and symbols. After
much research it was
discovered that these carvings
are indeed the earliest known
form of Chinese
characters, known as jiaguwen
甲骨文(inscriptions on bones or
tortoise shells). Their discovery
tells us that Chinese characters
have a history of some 3 000
years.
青 铜 器 — — 爵、鼎 、尊
