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The Functions of Management
Many scholars and managers have found that the analysis of management is facilitated by
a useful and clear organization of knowledge. In studying management, therefore it is
helpful to break it down into five managerial functions: planning, organizing, staffing,
leading, and controlling around which the knowledge that underlies those functions can be
organized Thus, the concepts, principles, theory, and techniques of management are
grouped into these five functions in this book.
This framework has been used and tested for many years. Although there are different
ways of organizing managerial knowledge, most textbook authors today have adopted this
or a similar framework even after experimenting at times with alternative ways of
structuring knowledge.
Although the emphasis in this book is on managers tasks in designing an internal
environment for performance, it must never be overlooked that managers must operate in
the external environment of an enterprise as well. Clearly, managers cannot perform their
tasks well unless they understand, and are responsive to, the many elements of the external
environment*ƒ²*ƒ"€šeconomic, technological, social, political, and ethical factors that
affect their areas of operations. Moreover many organizations now operate in different
countries. Therefore this book takes a global perspective of managing
Management as an Essential for Any Organization
Managers are charged with the responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible
for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives. Management thus
