Traditionally, the term management is a process of reaching or achieving organization
goals by engaging in the four major function of planning, organizing, leading and
controlling. Management applies to any kind of organization and applies to all managers at
all organizational levels. The aim of managers is to create a surplus and concern with
productivity which applies effectiveness and efficiency. This definition recognizes that
management is an ongoing activity, entails reaching important goals and involves knowing
how to perform the major function of management.
THE FOUR FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Planning: It is an act of formulating a program for a definitive course of action. The
management defines a goal and puts forward its strategies to accomplish the objectives
defined.
Organizing: To divide the work force into specific groups and giving each group a specific
task. Organizing also involves ensuring that a smooth flow of information and
co-ordination exists between these groups. Thus the basic aim of organizing is to simply
divide the work load and define the tasks while setting up deadlines in such a way that
although different groups do different things but they all work together with the help of
each other towards achieving the same goal which has been predefined.
Leading (Motivating): Leading or motivating is simply to influence the employee in such a
way that their output for the task given is most competent. This includes communication
with the work force, recognizing and dealing with the problems they might be facing and
also giving them good incentive to put in their best. Incentives can include best
performance awards. Further on leading also comprises of maintaining discipline within
the organization.