Sup
r
eme
C
ou
r
t
o
f
India
M
.
C
.
M
ehta
v
s
Union
O
f
India
&
O
r
s
on
30
Decembe
r
,
1
996
A
utho
r
:
K
Singh
B
ench
:
K
uldip
Singh,
F
aizan
Uddin
PETITIONER:
M.C. MEHTA
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 30/12/1996
BENCH:
KULDIP SINGH, FAIZAN UDDIN
ACT:
HEADNOTE:
JUDGMENT:
J
U
D
G
M
E
N
T
K
uldip
Singh,
J.
T
a
j
M
ahal
–
T
he
T
a
j
–
is
the
“
K
ing
E
mpe
r
o
r
“
amongst
the
W
o
r
ld
–
W
onde
r
s.
T
he
T
a
j
is
the
f
inal
achie
v
ement
and
acme
o
f
the
M
oghul
A
r
t.
It
r
ep
r
esents
the
most
r
e
f
ined
aesthetic
v
alues.
It
is
a
f
antas
y
–
li
k
e
g
r
andeu
r
.
It
is
the
pe
r
f
ect
culmination
and
a
r
tistic
inte
r
pla
y
o
f
the
a
r
chitects
‘
s
k
ill
and
the
j
ewelle
r
s
‘
inspi
r
ation.
T
he
ma
r
ble–in–la
y
walls
o
f
T
he
T
a
j
a
r
e
amongst
the
most
outstanding
examples
o
f
deco
r
ati
v
e
wo
r
k
manship.
T
he
elegant
s
y
mmet
r
y
o
f
its
exte
r
io
r
and
the
ae
r
ial
g
r
ace
o
f
its
domes
and
mina
r
ets
imp
r
ess
the
be
holde
r
in
a
manne
r
ne
v
e
r
to
be
f
o
r
gotten.
It
stands
out
as
one
o
f
the
most
p
r
iceless
national
monument,
o
f
su
r
passing
beaut
y
and
wo
r
th,
a
glo
r
ious
t
r
ibute
to
man
‘
s
achie
v
ement
in
A
r
chitectu
r
e
and
E
nginee
r
ing.
L
o
r
d
R
obe
r
ts
in
his
wo
r
k
“
F
o
r
t
y
one
y
ea
r
s
in
India
“
desc
r
ibes
T
he
T
a
j
as
unde
r
:
–
“
Neithe
r
wo
r
ds
no
r
pencil
could
gi
v
e
to
the
most
imaginati
v
e
r
eade
r
the
slightest
idea
o
f
all
the
satis
f
y
ing
beaut
y
and
pu
r
it
y
o
f
this
glo
r
ious
conception.
T
o
those
who
ha
v
e
not
seen
it,
I
would
sa
y
,
–
G
o
to
India
;
the
T
a
j
alone
is
well
wo
r
th
the
j
ou
r
ne
y
.
“
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 1
A
poet
desc
r
ibes
T
he
T
a
j
as
unde
r
:
–
“
It
is
too
pu
r
e,
too
hol
y
to
be
the
wo
r
k
o
f
human
hands.
A
ngels
must
ha
v
e
b
r
ought
it
f
r
om
hea
v
en
and
a
glass
case
should
be
th
r
own
o
v
e
r
it
to
p
r
ese
r
v
e
it
f
r
om
each
b
r
eath
o
f
ai
r
.
“
Sammuel
Smith
in
his
B
oo
k
about
T
he
T
a
j
explains
the
impact
as
unde
r
:
–
“
W
e
stood
spell–bound
f
o
r
a
f
ew
minutes
at
this
lo
v
el
y
appa
r
ition
;
it
ha
r
dl
y
seems
o
f
the
ea
r
th.
It
is
mo
r
e
li
k
e
a
d
r
eam
o
f
C
elestial
beaut
y
,
no
wo
r
ds
can
desc
r
ibe
it.
W
e
f
elt
that
all
p
r
e
v
ious
sights
we
r
e
damned
in
compa
r
ison,
No
such
e
ff
ect
is
p
r
oduced
b
y
the
f
i
r
st
v
iew
o
f
St.
P
ete
r
‘
s
o
r
M
ilan
o
r
cologne
C
athed
r
als.
T
he
y
a
r
e
all
ma
j
estic,
but
this
is
enchantment
itsel
f
.
So
pe
r
f
ect
is
its
f
o
r
m
that
all
othe
r
st
r
uctu
r
es
seem
clums
y
.
“
T
he
T
a
j
is
th
r
eatened
with
dete
r
io
r
ation
and
damage
not
onl
y
b
y
the
t
r
aditional
causes
o
f
deca
y
,
but
also
b
y
changing
social
and
economic
conditions
which
agg
r
a
v
ate
the
situation
with
e
v
en
mo
r
e
f
o
r
midable
phenomena
o
f
damage
o
r
dest
r
uction.
A
p
r
i
v
ate
secto
r
p
r
ese
r
v
ation
o
r
ganisation
called
“
W
o
r
ld
M
onuments
F
und
“
(
A
me
r
ican
E
xp
r
ess
C
ompan
y
)
has
published
a
list
o
f
1
0 0
most
endange
r
ed
sites
(
1
996)
in
the
W
o
r
ld.
T
he
T
a
j
has
been
included
in
the
list
b
y
stating
as
unde
r
:
–
“
T
he
T
a
j
M
ahal
–
A
g
r
a–
India
“
T
he
T
a
j
M
ahal,
M
a
r
ble
T
omb
f
o
r
M
umtaz
M
ahal,
wi
f
e
o
f
empe
r
o
r
Shah
Jahan,
is
conside
r
ed
the
epitome
o
f
M
ughal
monumental
domed
tombs
set
in
a
ga
r
den.
T
he
en
v
i
r
onment
o
f
A
g
r
a
is
toda
y
best
with
p
r
oblems
r
elating
to
the
inadequac
y
o
f
its
u
r
ban
in
f
r
ast
r
uctu
r
e
f
o
r
t
r
anspo
r
tation,
wate
r
and
elect
r
icit
y
.
T
he
densest
pollution
nea
r
the
T
a
j
M
ahal
is
caused
b
y
r
esidential
f
uel
combustion,
diesel
t
r
ains
and
buses,
and
bac
k
–up
gene
r
ato
r
s.
C
onst
r
uction
o
f
the
p
r
oposed
A
g
r
a
R
ing
R
oad
and
B
y
pass
that
would
di
v
e
r
t
the
estimated
dail
y
6,50,0 0 0
tons
o
f
t
r
ans–India
t
r
uc
k
t
r
a
ff
ic
awaits
f
inancing.
St
r
ic
k
cont
r
ols
on
indust
r
ial
pollution
established
in
1
982
a
r
e
being
intensi
v
el
y
en
f
o
r
ced
f
ollowing
a
1
993
Sup
r
eme
cou
r
t
O
r
de
r
.
T
he
A
sian
De
v
elopment
B
an
k
‘
s
p
r
oposed
$30 0
million
loan
to
the
Indian
go
v
e
r
nment
to
f
inance
in
f
r
ast
r
uctu
r
e
imp
r
o
v
ement
would
p
r
o
v
ide
the
oppo
r
tunit
y
to
sol
v
e
the
ch
r
onic
p
r
oblems.
A
g
r
a
contains
th
r
ee
W
o
r
ld
He
r
itage
Sites,
including
the
T
a
j
M
ahal.
“
A
cco
r
ding
to
the
petitione
r
,
the
f
ound
r
ies,
chemical/haza
r
dous
indust
r
ies
and
the
r
e
f
ine
r
y
at
M
athu
r
a
a
r
e
the
ma
j
o
r
sou
r
ces
o
f
damage
to
T
he
T
a
j
.
T
he
sulphu
r
dioxide
emitted
b
y
the
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
and
the
indust
r
ies
when
combined
with
O
x
y
gen
–
with
the
aid
o
f
moistu
r
e
–
in
the
atmosphe
r
e
f
o
r
ms
sulphu
r
ic
acid
called
“
A
cid
r
ain
“
which
has
a
co
rr
oding
e
ff
ect
on
the
gleaming
white
ma
r
ble.
Indust
r
ial/
R
e
f
ine
r
y
emissions,
b
r
ic
k
–
k
ilns,
v
ehicula
r
t
r
a
ff
ic
and
gene
r
ato
r
–sets
a
r
e
p
r
ima
r
il
y
r
esponsible
f
o
r
polluting
the
ambient
ai
r
a
r
ound
T
a
j
T
r
apezium
(
TT
Z
).
T
he
petition
states
that
the
white
ma
r
ble
has
y
ellowed
and
blac
k
ened
in
places.
It
is
inside
the
T
a
j
that
the
deca
y
is
mo
r
e
appa
r
ent.
Y
ellow
pallo
r
pe
r
v
ades
the
enti
r
e
monument.
In
places
the
y
ellow
hue
is
magni
f
ied
b
y
ugl
y
b
r
own
and
blac
k
spots.
F
ungal
dete
r
io
r
ation
is
wo
r
st
in
the
inne
r
chambe
r
whe
r
e
the
o
r
iginal
g
r
a
v
es
o
f
shah–Jahan
and
M
umtaz
M
ahal
lie.
A
cco
r
ding
to
the
petitione
r
T
he
T
a
j
–
a
monument
o
f
inte
r
national
r
epute
–
is
on
its
wa
y
to
deg
r
adation
due
to
atmosphe
r
ic
pollution
and
it
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 2
is
impe
r
ati
v
e
that
p
r
e
v
enti
v
e
steps
a
r
e
ta
k
en
and
soon.
T
he
petitione
r
has
f
inall
y
sought
app
r
op
r
iate
di
r
ections
to
the
autho
r
ities
conce
r
ned
to
ta
k
e
immediate
steps
to
stop
ai
r
pollution
in
the
TT
Z
and
sa
v
e
T
he
T
a
j
.
T
he
R
epo
r
t
o
f
the
E
xpe
r
t
C
ommittee
called
“
R
epo
r
t
on
E
n
v
i
r
onmental
Impact
o
f
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
“
(
V
a
r
adha
r
a
j
an
C
ommittee)
published
b
y
the
G
o
v
e
r
nment
o
f
India
in
1
978
has
been
annexed
along
with
the
w
r
it
petition.
P
a
r
a
4.
1
o
f
the
conclusions
the
r
ein
is
as
unde
r
:
–
“
T
he
r
e
is
substantial
le
v
el
o
f
pollution
o
f
sulphu
r
dioxide
and
pa
r
ticulate
matte
r
in
the
A
g
r
a
r
egion.
T
he
possible
sou
r
ces
a
r
e
all
coal
use
r
s
consisting
o
f
two
P
owe
r
P
lants,
a
numbe
r
o
f
small
indust
r
ies
mainl
y
f
ound
r
ies
(app
r
oximatel
y
250)
and
a
R
ailwa
y
Shunting
Y
a
r
d.
A
s
f
a
r
as
suspended
pa
r
ticulate
matte
r
s
a
r
e
conce
r
ned,
because
o
f
use
o
f
coal,
cont
r
ibution
will
be
substantial.
E
v
en
though
the
total
amount
o
f
emission
o
f
sulphu
r
dioxide
f
r
om
these
sou
r
ces
ma
y
be
small,
on
account
o
f
thei
r
p
r
oximit
y
to
the
monuments,
thei
r
cont
r
ibution
to
the
ai
r
qualit
y
o
f
the
zone
will
be
conside
r
abl
y
high.
“
V
a
r
adha
r
a
j
an
C
ommittee
made,
among
othe
r
s,
the
f
ollowing
r
ecommendations
:
–
“
Steps
ma
y
be
ta
k
en
to
ensu
r
e
that
no
new
indust
r
y
including
small
indust
r
ies
o
r
othe
r
units
which
can
cause
pollution
a
r
e
located
no
r
thwest
o
f
the
T
a
j
M
ahal
……………..
E
ff
o
r
ts
ma
y
be
made
to
r
elocate
the
existing
small
indust
r
ies,
pa
r
ticula
r
l
y
the
f
ound
r
ies,
in
an
a
r
ea
south
east
o
f
A
g
r
a
be
y
ond
the
T
a
j
M
ahal
so
that
emissions
f
r
om
these
indust
r
ies
will
not
be
in
the
di
r
ection
o
f
the
monuments.
………………
Simila
r
conside
r
ations
ma
y
appl
y
to
la
r
ge
indust
r
ies
such
as
F
e
r
tilize
r
&
P
et
r
ochemicals.
Such
indust
r
ies
which
a
r
e
li
k
el
y
to
cause
en
v
i
r
onmental
pollution
ma
y
not
be
located
in
the
neighbou
r
hood
o
f
the
r
e
f
ine
r
y
.
T
he
C
ommittee
f
u
r
the
r
r
ecommends
that
no
la
r
ge
indust
r
y
in
the
A
g
r
a
r
egion
and
its
neighbou
r
hood
be
established
without
conducting
app
r
op
r
iate
detailed
studies
to
assess
the
en
v
i
r
onmental
e
ff
ect
o
f
such
indust
r
ies
on
the
monuments.
L
ocation
should
be
so
chosen
as
to
exclude
an
y
inc
r
ease
in
en
v
i
r
onmental
pollution
in
the
a
r
ea.
……….
T
he
C
ommittee
wishes
to
r
eco
r
d
its
deep
conce
r
n
r
ega
r
ding
the
existing
le
v
el
o
f
pollution
in
A
g
r
a.
It
r
ecommends
that
an
app
r
op
r
iate
autho
r
it
y
be
c
r
eated
which
could
monito
r
emissions
b
y
indust
r
ies
as
well
as
the
ai
r
qualit
y
at
A
g
r
a
on
a
continuous
basis.
T
his
autho
r
it
y
should
be
v
ested
with
powe
r
s
to
di
r
ect
indust
r
ies
causing
pollution
to
limit
the
le
v
el
o
f
emission
and
speci
f
y
such
measu
r
es
as
a
r
e
necessa
r
y
to
r
educe
the
emission
whene
v
e
r
the
pollutant
le
v
el
at
the
monuments
exceeds
acceptable
limits.
T
he
C
ommittee
pa
r
ticula
r
l
y
desi
r
es
that
r
ecommendations
made
in
r
ega
r
d
to
r
eduction
o
f
existing
pollution
le
v
els
at
A
g
r
a
should
be
con
v
e
r
ted
to
a
time–bound
p
r
og
r
amme
and
should
be
implemented
with
utmost
speed.
…………
T
he
C
ommittee
also
r
ecommends
that
studies
should
be
unde
r
ta
k
en
b
y
competent
agencies
to
explo
r
e
the
possibilit
y
o
f
p
r
otecting
the
monuments
b
y
measu
r
es
such
as
p
r
o
v
ision
o
f
a
g
r
een
belt
a
r
ound
A
g
r
a
in
the
r
egion
between
M
athu
r
a
and
A
g
r
a.
…………..
E
v
en
though
assu
r
ances
ha
v
e
been
obtained
f
r
om
I
O
C
that
adequate
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 3
p
r
ecaution
would
be
ta
k
en
to
contain
the
pollution
on
account
o
f
using
coal
in
the
powe
r
plant,
the
C
ommittee
is
o
f
the
opinion
that
till
such
time
this
p
r
oblem
is
studied
in
depth
and
suitable
technologies
ha
v
e
been
f
ound
to
be
satis
f
acto
r
il
y
in
use
elsewhe
r
e,
the
use
o
f
coal
in
the
r
e
f
ine
r
y
powe
r
plant
should
be
de
f
e
rr
ed.
“
T
he
C
ent
r
al
B
oa
r
d
f
o
r
the
P
r
e
v
ention
and
C
ont
r
ol
o
f
W
ate
r
P
ollution,
new
Delhi,
published
a
r
epo
r
t
(
C
ont
r
ol
o
f
U
r
ban
P
ollution
Se
r
ies
C
U
P
S/7/
1
98
1
–82)
unde
r
the
title
“
In
v
ento
r
y
and
A
ssessment
o
f
P
ollution
E
mission
in
and
A
r
ound
A
g
r
a–
M
athu
r
a
R
egion
(
A
b
r
idged)
“
.
T
he
r
ele
v
ant
f
indings
a
r
e
as
unde
r
:
–
“
Indust
r
ial
acti
v
ities
which
a
r
e
in
ope
r
ation
in
A
g
r
a
cit
y
and
its
outs
k
i
r
ts
could
be
catego
r
ized
as
(i)
F
e
rr
ous
M
etal
C
asting
using
C
upolas
(
F
ound
r
y
)
;
(ii)
F
e
rr
o–allo
y
and
Non–
F
e
rr
ous
C
astings
using
C
r
ucibles,
R
ota
r
y
F
u
r
naces
etc.
(iii)
R
ubbe
r
P
r
ocessing
;
(i
v
)
L
ime
O
xidation
and
P
ul
v
e
r
ising
;
(
v
)
E
nginee
r
ing
;
(
v
i)
C
hemical
;
and
(
T
able
4–
1
).
………….
T
he
cont
r
ibution
o
f
sulphu
r
dioxide
th
r
ough
emission
p
r
ima
r
il
y
f
r
om
the
combustion
f
r
om
the
f
uels
comp
r
ising
ha
r
d
co
k
e,
steam
coal,
wood
and
f
uel
oil
is
estimated
as
3.64
tonnes
pe
r
da
y
f
r
om
indust
r
ial
acti
v
ities
in
the
A
g
r
a
C
it
y
and
its
outs
k
i
r
ts
(
T
able
5–3).
T
he
v
ehicula
r
cont
r
ibution
as
estimated
f
r
om
t
r
a
ff
ic
census
in
6
r
oad
c
r
ossings
is
onl
y
65
k
g
a
da
y
o
r
0.065
tonnes
a
da
y
and
should
be
conside
r
ed
negligible
f
o
r
the
p
r
esent
(
P
a
r
a
7.4).
……
T
he
C
ont
r
ibution
o
f
sulphu
r
dioxide
f
r
om
the
5
r
ecognised
distinct
disc
r
ete
sou
r
ces
in
tonnes
pe
r
da
y
a
r
e
2.28,
2.28,
1
.36,
1
.2
1
and
0.065
f
r
om
(i)
two
the
r
mal
powe
r
stations,
(ii)
f
ound
r
ies,
(ii)
othe
r
indust
r
ies
in
A
g
r
a
(i
v
)
two
r
ailwa
y
ma
r
shalling
y
a
r
ds
and
(
v
)
V
ehicula
r
t
r
a
ff
ic
r
especti
v
el
y
.
O
mitting
cont
r
ibution
f
r
om
v
ehicula
r
t
r
a
ff
ic
as
because
it
is
conside
r
ed
negligible,
the
r
elati
v
e
cont
r
ibutions
f
r
om
the
othe
r
4
distinct
sou
r
ces
a
r
e
32,
32,
1
9
and
1
6.9
pe
r
cent.
W
ith
the
elimination
o
f
the
f
i
r
st
and
the
f
u
r
the
r
sou
r
ces–b
y
closing
down
the
two
the
r
mal
powe
r
station
and
r
eplacing
coal
f
i
r
ed
steam
engines
b
y
diesel
engines
in
the
two
r
ailwa
y
ma
r
shalling
y
a
r
ds–about
50
pe
r
cent
(48.9
to
be
exact)
cut
down
o
f
sulphu
r
dioxide
emission
is
expected.
“
T
he
National
E
n
v
i
r
onment
E
nginee
r
ing
R
esea
r
ch
Institute
(N
EE
R
I)
ga
v
e
“
O
v
e
r
–
v
iew
r
epo
r
t
“
r
ega
r
ding
status
o
f
ai
r
pollution
a
r
ound
T
he
T
a
j
in
1
990.
R
ele
v
ant
pa
r
t
o
f
the
r
epo
r
t
is
as
unde
r
:
–
“
T
he
sou
r
ces
o
f
pollution,
including
small
and
medium
scale
indust
r
ial
units,
a
r
e
scatte
r
ed
all
a
r
ound
T
a
j
M
ahal.
High
ai
r
pollution
load
is
thus
pumped
into
the
T
a
j
ai
r
–shed.
Sudden
r
ises
in
concent
r
ation
le
v
el
a
r
e
o
f
ten
r
eco
r
ded
in
all
di
r
ections
in
gaseous
as
well
as
pa
r
ticulate
pollutant
depending
upon
the
local
mic
r
o
climatic
conditions.
……..
O
N
f
ou
r
occasions
du
r
ing
the
f
i
v
e
y
ea
r
ai
r
qualit
y
monito
r
ing,
the
4
h
r
l
y
a
v
e
r
age
v
alues
o
f
802
at
T
a
j
M
ahal
we
r
e
obse
r
v
ed
to
be
highe
r
than
300
ug/m3,
i.e.
1
0
f
olds
o
f
the
p
r
omulgated
C
P
C
B
standa
r
d
o
f
30
ug/m3
f
o
r
sensiti
v
e
a
r
eas.
T
he
v
alues
exceeded
e
v
en
the
standa
r
d
o
f
1
20
ug/m3
set
f
o
r
indust
r
ial
zones.
Statistical
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 4
anal
y
sis
o
f
the
r
eco
r
ded
data
indicate
that
40
%
(cumulati
v
e
pe
r
centage
le
v
el)
has
c
r
ossed
the
standa
r
d
set
f
o
r
sensiti
v
e
r
ecepto
r
s/zones.
…..
T
he
S
P
M
le
v
els
at
T
a
j
M
ahal
we
r
e
in
v
a
r
iabl
y
high
(mo
r
e
than
20 0
ug/m3)
and
exceeded
the
national
ambient
ai
r
qualit
y
standa
r
d
o
f
1
00
ug/m3
f
o
r
S
P
M
f
o
r
sensiti
v
e
locations
ba
rr
ing
a
f
ew
da
y
s
in
monsoon
months.
…..
A
nothe
r
stud
y
du
r
ing
1
985–87
b
r
ought
to
f
o
r
e
that
the
o
v
e
r
all
status
o
f
the
ambient
ai
r
qualit
y
within
the
t
r
apezium
has
signi
f
icantl
y
dete
r
io
r
ated
o
v
e
r
this
pe
r
iod.
“
T
he
impact
o
f
the
ai
r
qualit
y
on
T
he
T
a
j
has
been
stated
as
unde
r
:
–
“
T
he
r
apid
indust
r
ial
de
v
elopment
o
f
A
g
r
a
–
M
athu
r
a
r
egion
has
r
esulted
in
acidic
emissions
into
the
atmosphe
r
e
at
an
ala
r
ming
r
ate.
T
his
causes
se
r
ious
conce
r
n
on
the
well
being
o
f
T
a
j
M
ahal.
…….
T
he
gaseous
pollutants
being
acidic
in
natu
r
e,
signi
f
icantl
y
impact
both
the
biotic
as
well
as
the
abiotic
components
o
f
the
ecos
y
stem
li
k
e
plants
and
building
mate
r
ial
li
k
e
ma
r
ble
and
r
ed
stone
“
.
T
his
C
ou
r
t
on
Janua
r
y
8,
1
993
passed
the
f
ollowing
o
r
de
r
:
–
“
W
e
ha
v
e
hea
r
d
M
r
.
M
.
C
.
M
ehta,
the
petitione
r
in
pe
r
son.
A
cco
r
ding
to
him,
the
sou
r
ces
o
f
pollution
in
A
g
r
a
r
egion
as
pe
r
the
r
epo
r
t
o
f
C
ent
r
al
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d
a
r
e
i
r
on
f
ound
r
ies,
F
e
rr
o–allo
y
ed
indust
r
ies,
r
ubbe
r
p
r
ocessing,
lime
p
r
ocessing,
enginee
r
ing,
chemical
indust
r
y
,
b
r
ic
k
r
e
f
r
acto
r
y
and
v
ehicles.
He
f
u
r
the
r
states
that
distant
sou
r
ces
o
f
pollution
a
r
e
the
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
and
F
e
r
ozabad
G
lass
Indust
r
y
.
It
is
necessa
r
y
to
ha
v
e
a
detailed
su
r
v
e
y
done
o
f
the
a
r
ea
to
f
ind
out
the
actual
indust
r
ies
and
f
ound
r
ies
which
a
r
e
wo
r
k
ing
in
the
r
egion.
W
e
di
r
ect
the
U.
P
.
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d
to
get
a
su
r
v
e
y
done
o
f
the
a
r
ea
and
p
r
epa
r
e
a
list
o
f
all
the
indust
r
ies
and
f
ound
r
ies
which
a
r
e
the
sou
r
ces
o
f
pollution
in
the
a
r
ea.
T
he
pollution
B
oa
r
d
a
f
te
r
ha
v
ing
the
su
r
v
e
y
done
shall
issue
notices
to
all
the
f
ound
r
ies
and
indust
r
ies
in
that
r
egion
to
satis
f
y
the
B
oa
r
d
that
necessa
r
y
anti–pollution
measu
r
es
ha
v
e
been
unde
r
ta
k
en
b
y
the
said
indust
r
ies/
f
ound
r
ies.
T
he
P
ollution
B
oa
r
d
a
f
te
r
doing
this
exe
r
cise
shall
submit
a
r
epo
r
t
to
this
C
ou
r
t
on
o
r
be
f
o
r
e
M
a
y
5,
1
993.
A
cop
y
o
f
this
o
r
de
r
be
sent
to
the
C
hai
r
man
and
Sec
r
eta
r
y
,
U.
P
.
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d
f
o
r
compliance
and
r
epo
r
t
as
di
r
ected.
“
P
u
r
suant
to
the
abo
v
e
quoted
o
r
de
r
the
U.
P
.
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d
(the
B
oa
r
d)
f
iled
an
a
ff
ida
v
it
dated
M
a
y
3,
1
993.
it
is
stated
in
the
a
ff
ida
v
it
that
as
pe
r
su
r
v
e
y
r
epo
r
t
f
u
r
nished
b
y
the
R
egional
o
ff
ice
o
f
the
U.
P
.
B
oa
r
d
the
indust
r
ies
o
f
A
g
r
a
R
egion
we
r
e
catego
r
ised
as
unde
r
:
–
Natu
r
e
o
f
Indust
r
y
Numbe
r
o
f
Indust
r
y
(I
V
)
C
hemical
&
othe
r
Indust
r
ies
55
(
V
I)
R
e
f
ine
r
y
(Situated
at
M
athu
r
a)
0
1
(situated
at
F
i
r
ozabad)
(
V
III)
B
r
ic
k
R
e
f
r
acto
r
ies
&
P
oulte
r
ies
09
(situated
at
F
i
r
ozabad)
(
X
)
B
loc
k
G
lass
Indust
r
ies
40
—–
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 5
T
O
T
A
L
:
5
11
—-
T
he
a
ff
ida
v
it
f
u
r
the
r
states
that
notices
we
r
e
issued
to
the
a
f
o
r
esaid
5
11
indust
r
ies/
f
ound
r
ies
as
di
r
ected
b
y
this
C
ou
r
t.
A
lthough
mathu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
is
included
in
the
list
o
f
5
11
indust
r
ies
but
we
a
r
e
not
dealing
with
the
r
e
f
ine
r
y
in
this
j
udgment.
T
he
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
is
being
dealt
with
sepa
r
atel
y
.
A
ll
the
f
ound
r
ies/indust
r
ies
a
r
e
r
ep
r
esented
be
f
o
r
e
us
th
r
ough
the
national
chambe
r
o
f
Indust
r
ies
and
C
omme
r
ce,
U.
P
.,
A
g
r
a,
U.
P
.
C
hambe
r
o
f
C
omme
r
ce
and
the
G
lass
Indust
r
ies
S
y
ndicate.
Some
o
f
the
indi
v
idual
indust
r
ies
ha
v
e
also
been
r
ep
r
esented
th
r
ough
thei
r
lea
r
ned
counsel.
T
his
C
ou
r
t
conside
r
ed
the
a
ff
ida
v
it
f
iled
b
y
the
B
oa
r
d
and
passed
the
f
ollowing
o
r
de
r
on
M
a
y
5,
1
993
:
–
“
P
u
r
suant
to
this
cou
r
t
‘
s
o
r
de
r
dt.
Janua
r
y
8,
1
993,
an
a
ff
ida
v
it
has
been
f
iled
b
y
the
U.
P
.
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d.
It
has
been
stated
the
r
ein
that
in
te
r
ms
o
f
this
C
ou
r
t
‘
s
o
r
de
r
dated
Janua
r
y
8,
1
993,
notices
ha
v
e
been
issued
b
y
the
B
oa
r
d
to
5
11
indust
r
ies
in
A
g
r
a
r
egion.
T
he
names
and
add
r
esses
o
f
the
said
indust
r
ies
ha
v
e
been
enclosed
along
with
the
a
ff
ida
v
it.
T
he
indust
r
ies
a
r
e
r
equi
r
ed
to
f
ile
thei
r
r
eplies
to
the
notices
b
y
M
a
y
5,
1
993
(toda
y
).
…….
W
e
di
r
ect
the
U.
P
.
P
ollution
C
ont
r
ol
B
oa
r
d
to
issue
a
public
notice
b
y
getting
the
same
published
in
two
local
newspape
r
s
and
two
national
newspap e
r
s
calli ng
up o n
all
th e
5
11
in dust
r
i e s
to
i n st al
an ti – p ollutio n
mechanism/a
ff
luent
t
r
eatment
plants
i
f
the
y
ha
v
e
not
al
r
ead
y
done
so.
A
ll
the
5
11
indust
r
ies
be
called
upon
to
f
ile
r
eplies
to
the
notices
al
r
ead
y
issued
b
y
the
B
oa
r
d
within
f
u
r
the
r
time
o
f
eight
wee
k
s
f
r
om
the
date
o
f
the
publication
o
f
the
notices
in
the
newspape
r
s.
T
his
publication
shall
be
done
within
two
wee
k
s
f
r
om
toda
y
.
A
f
te
r
the
r
eplies
f
r
om
the
indust
r
ies
a
r
e
r
ecei
v
ed
and
p
r
ocessed
b
y
the
B
oa
r
d,
the
boa
r
d
ma
y
,
i
f
it
so
desi
r
es,
inspect
an
y
o
f
the
indust
r
ies
in
o
r
de
r
to
f
ind
out
the
co
rr
ectness
o
f
the
r
eplies
f
iled
b
y
the
Indust
r
ies.
T
he
matte
r
be
listed
on
A
ugust
1
0,
1
993.
“
P
u
r
suant
to
this
C
ou
r
t
‘
s
o
r
de
r
(quoted
abo
v
e)
the
boa
r
d
f
iled
a
ff
ida
v
it
dated
A
ugust
5,
1
993
whe
r
ein
it
is
stated
that
public
notice
was
published
in
two
local
newspape
r
s
o
f
A
g
r
a
on
ma
y
1
7,
1
993
and
two
National
Newspape
r
s
on
ma
y
1
8,
1
993
calling
upon
the
indust
r
ies
to
f
ile
thei
r
r
eplies
du
r
ing
the
extended
time.
T
he
a
ff
ida
v
it
states
that
all
the
listed
indust
r
ies
we
r
e
polluting
indust
r
ies
and
507
out
o
f
them,
had
not
e
v
en
installed
an
y
ai
r
pollution
cont
r
ol
de
v
ice.
T
he
2
1
2
indust
r
ies
who
did
not
r
espond
to
the
notice
and
f
ailed
to
ta
k
e
an
y
step
towa
r
ds
installing
the
pollution
cont
r
ol
de
v
ices
we
r
e
closed
b
y
the
o
r
de
r
dated
august
27,
1
993
with
immediate
e
ff
ect.
T
he
closu
r
e
o
r
de
r
was
to
ope
r
ate
till
the
time
necessa
r
y
pollution
cont
r
ol
de
v
ices
we
r
e
to
be
set
up
b
y
the
indust
r
ies
conce
r
ned.
M
eanwhile,
N
EE
R
I
submitted
its
r
epo
r
t
dated
O
ctobe
r
1
6/
1
8,
1
993
r
ega
r
ding
sulphu
r
dioxide
emission
cont
r
ol
measu
r
es
at
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
.
Since
the
M
athu
r
a
R
e
f
ine
r
y
matte
r
is
being
dealt
with
sepa
r
atel
y
it
is
not
necessa
r
y
to
go
into
the
details
o
f
the
r
epo
r
t.
Su
ff
ice
it
to
sa
y
that
apa
r
t
f
r
om
sho
r
t
te
r
m
st
r
ateg
y
,
the
N
EE
R
I
r
ecommended
the
use
o
f
natu
r
al
gas,
setting
up
o
f
H
y
d
r
o
c
r
ac
k
ing
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
Indian Kanoon – http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1964392/ 6
unit,
imp
r
o
v
ed
sulphu
r
R
eco
v
e
r
y
Unit,
C
hemo–biochemical
Sulphu
r
R
eco
v
e
r
y
and
the
setting
up
o
f
g
r
een
belt
a
r
ound
the
r
e
f
ine
r
y
.
T
he
N
EE
R
I
r
epo
r
t
examined
in
detail
the
deca
y
mechanism
and
status
o
f
T
he
T
a
j
ma
r
ble.
How
the
dete
r
io
r
ation
o
f
ma
r
ble
occu
r
s,
is
stated
b
y
N
EE
R
I
as
unde
r
:
–
“
T
he
dete
r
io
r
ation
o
f
ma
r
ble
occu
r
s
in
two
modes.
In
the
f
i
r
st
mode,
weathe
r
ing
ta
k
es
place
i
f
the
ma
r
ble
is
shelte
r
ed
unde
r
domes
and
co
r
nices,
and
p
r
otected
f
r
om
di
r
ect
impact
o
f
r
ain.
He
r
e
a
c
r
ust
is
f
o
r
med,
which
a
f
te
r
some
pe
r
iod,
ex
f
oliates
due
to
mechanical
st
r
esses.
In
case
o
f
ma
r
ble
exposed
to
r
ain,
g
r
adual
r
eduction
o
f
mate
r
ial
occu
r
s,
as
the
r
eaction
p
r
oducts
a
r
e
washed
awa
y
b
y
r
ain
f
all
and
f
r
esh
ma
r
ble
is
exposed.
T
he
c
r
usts
a
r
e
f
o
r
med
due
to
Sulphu
r
Dioxide,
but
the
cumulati
v
e
e
ff
ects
o
f
all
pollutants
a
r
e
mo
v
e
damaging.
It
is
also
obse
r
v
ed
that
t
r
ace
metals
p
r
esent
in
f
l
y
ash
and
suspended
pa
r
ticulate
matte
r
,
e.g.
manganese,
I
r
on
and
V
anadium
act
as
catal
y
sts
f
o
r
oxidation
o
f
Sulphu
r
Dioxide,
and
in
tu
r
n
enhance
deg
r
adation
o
f
ma
r
ble
calcite
to
g
y
psum.
“
T
he
N
EE
R
I
r
epo
r
t
indicates
the
ai
r
–pollution
e
ff
ect
on
T
he
T
a
j
in
the
f
ollowing
wo
r
ds
:
–
“
T
he
T
a
j
M
ahal
ma
r
ble
samples
anal
y
sed
b
y
N
EE
R
I
in
1
993
r
e
v
eal
that
the
blac
k
soot
on
ce
r
tain
p
r
otected
su
r
f
aces
contains
0.6
%
C
alcium
and
t
r
aces
o
f
Sulphate.
X
–
r
a
y
di
ff
r
action
studies
indicated
that
soot
a
qua
r
tz
(Silicon
Dioxide)
a
r
e
the
ma
j
o
r
constituents
o
f
the
blac
k
coating
at
T
a
j
M
ahal
(
L
al
and
Holden,
E
S
&
T
,
A
p
r
il
1
98
1
).
T
he
o
r
igin
o
f
soot
can
be
t
r
aced
bac
k
to
the
f
uel
consumption
a
r
ound
the
sensiti
v
e
M.C. Mehta vs Union Of India & Ors on 30 December, 1996
