SYLLABUS OF SECOND PROFESSIONAL

SYLLABUS OF

SECOND PROFESSIONAL

M.B.B.S.

(A) GENERAL PATHOLOGY

(B) PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS

(C) FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

(D) BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES

(Syllabus published with the curriculum of first professional

M.B.B.S. Part–I and II).

(A) GENERAL PATHOLOGY

CELL INJURY

1. Necrosis, Ischemia, Hypoxia, Infarction and Gangrene

Oncosis and Autolysis.

2. Sequence of the ultrastructural and biochemical changes

which occur in the cell in response to the following:

 Ischemia

 Immunological injury, e.g., Asthma / SLE / Anaphylactic

reaction

 Physical agents, e.g., Radiation

 Genetic defects, e.g., Thalassemia / Hemophilia

 Nutritional deficiency, e.g., Kwashiorkor

 Infectious agents

 Viruses, e.g., Hepatitis

 Bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus

 Fungi, e.g., Candida

 Parasites, e.g., Malaria

 Nutritional deficiency

3. Irreversible and reversible injury

4. Apoptosis and its significance.

5. Necrosis and its types

6. Exogenous and endogenous pigmentation.

7. Dystrophic and metastatic calcification along with clinical

significance.

8. Metabolic disorders

• Lipid disorders, Steatosis of liver, Hyperlipidemia

• Protein disorders

• Carbohydrate disorders

INFLAMMATION, MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

1. Role of inflammation in the defense mechanisms of the body.

2. Vascular changes of acute inflammation and their relation to

morphological and tissue effects.

3. Process of Chemotaxis, Opsonization and Phagocytosis.

4. Role of cellular components in inflammatory exudate.

5. Exudates and transudate.

6. Important chemical mediators of inflammation.

7. Pathway of Arachidonic Acid metabolism.

8. Role of products of Arachidonic acid metabolism in inflammation.

9. Mechanism for development of fever, with reference to exogenous and

endogenous pyrogens.

10. Chronic inflammation including Granulomas.

11. Granuloma and its types along with causes.

12. Systemic effects of acute and chronic inflammation and their possible

outcomes.

13. Significance of ESR.

14. Induced hypothermia in medicine.

15. Healing in specialized tissue.

WOUND HEALING

1. Repair and regeneration.

2. Wound healing by first and second intention.

3. Factors that influence the inflammatory reparative response.

4. Wound contraction and cicatrisation.

5. Formation of granulation tissue.

6. Complications of wound healing.

DISORDERS OF CIRCULATION

a. Thrombo-embolic disorders and their modalities

1. Etiology and pathogenesis of thrombosis.

2. Possible consequences of thrombosis

3. Difference between thrombi and clots

4. Classification of emboli according to their composition.

5. Difference between arterial and venous emboli.

b. Hemorrhage, Hyperemia and Congestion

1. Definitions of common types of Hemorrhage

2. Types of hyperemia

3. Difference between hyperemia and congestion

c. Infarction

1. Types of infarction

2. Difference between anemic and hemorrhagic infarct

3. Morphological picture of infraction in different organ systems

d. Disorders of the circulation and shock

1. Edema, ascites, hydrothorax and anasarca.

2. Pathophysiology of edema with special emphasis on CHF.

3. Pathogenesis of four major types of shock (Hypovolemic,

cardiogenic, vasovagal & septic) and their causes.

4. Compensatory mechanisms involved in shock.

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Defence mechanisms of the body.

2. Microbial mechanisms of invasion and virulence.

3. Difference between sterilization and disinfection.

4. Methods of disinfection and sterilization of the following:

a. Facility where the doctor practices,

b. Examination table,

c. Any spillage e.g. sputum, vomitus, stool, urine, blood,

d. Examination tools, e.g., thermometer, nasal and ear specula and

spatula,

5. Principles of aseptic techniques such as Venepuncture, urinary

catheterization, bandaging, suturing and lumber puncture.

6. Universal precautions for infection control.

7. General principles of the following serological tests:

a. ELISA – Hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,G) Rubella, CMV and HIV

b. PCR

c. Haemagglutination – TPHA

d. Western Blot –HIV

Malaria.

8. Interpretation of :

a. Culture reports

b. Serological reports and

c. Microscopic reports of gram stain and ZN stain.

9. Principles of proper collection and submission of specimens for

laboratory investigations

9. General characteristics and taxonomy of Bacteria, Rickettsia,

Chlamydia, Viruses and Fungi.

11. Communicable, Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic Diseases, Carriers

Pathogens, Opportunists, Commensals and Colonizers.

12. Microorganisms responsible for infection of the following organ

systems:

 Central Nervous System

 Respiratory System

 Gastrointestinal System

 Genital System

 Urinary System

 Infections of Bones and Joints

 Zoonosis

 Infection of the Skin

 Hepatic Infections

13 Pathogenesis, Treatment, Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of the

following organisms:

(i) Bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Beta hemolytic streptococcus group a & b

Diphtheria sp.

Bordetella sp.

Bacillus anthracis

Clostridium perfrignes

Clostridium botulinum,

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium tetani

Actinomycies israelli

Nocardia asteroides

Neisseria meningitis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gardenella vaginalis

Haemophilus influenzae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

E.coli

Klebsiella

Proteus

Salmonella

Shigella

Yersinia pestis

Pseudomonas

Vibrio cholera

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Campylobacter jejuni

Helicobacter pylori

Legionella

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia

Treponema pallidium

Leptospira

Rickettsia sp.

(ii) Viruses

Mumps

Herpes

Measles

Influenza,

Para influenza

RSV