CURRENT SITUAION OF WALMART
Founded in 1962 by Sam Walton, Wal-Mart followed an amazing pattern of success and
growth, eclipsing all other U.S. department store retailers by the early 1990s. In early
spring 2001, Wal-Mart enjoyed a huge market capitalization of over $230B, which was
down from highs of nearly $300B in early 2000. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is the worlds largest
retailer and the largest company in the world based on revenues, ignoring profits (income),
assets, and market capitalization. In the fiscal year ending January 31, 2002, Wal-Mart had
$219 billion in sales and $6.6 billion in net income. It employs over 1 million people in the
United States at 3,400 stores and 1.4 million people worldwide at 4,500 retail units in 10
countries: the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, China,
Korea, Germany, and the United Kingdom (where it owns the ASDA chain of
supermarkets).
Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas
in 1962. The company is publicly traded at the New York Stock Exchange under the
symbol WMT and has its headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas.
Wal-Mart operates large discount retail stores selling a broad range of products such as
clothing, consumer electronics, drugs, outdoor equipment, guns, toys, hardware, CDs and
books. Its typical products are basic, mass-market equipment, rather than premium
products stocked at specialist stores. Wal-Mart also operates “Supercenters” which include
grocery supermarkets. SAMS CLUB stores are also owned by Wal-Mart; these are
“warehouse clubs,” which require a paid membership to access. (Compare Costco)
Wal-Marts chief competitors as discount retailers include the Kmart Corporation and the
Target Corporation.
With respect to traditional operations, Wal-Mart continues to enjoy success. Despite the
emergence of other bricks-and-mortar competitors such as Target, Wal-Marts cost position
and relationships with suppliers still differentiate it from the competition. Its value
proposition continues to be successful, and it remains a darling of Wall Street analysts.
Finally, as the fervor over business-destroying dot-com ventures wanes, Wal-Mart
continues to show a high level of durability potential in its traditional operations.
Perhaps the transition difficulty in the early years rested in the area of Wal-Marts technical
prowess. One of Wal-Marts core competencies is its operational ability to streamline the
supply chain through cross-docking inventory systems and efficient means of
communication through technology.
Wal-Mart operates as an aggregator, distributor, and retailer of consumer goods. Due in
part to its size, to the connectivity involved in its operations, and to the zest with which it
has traditionally negotiated supplier contracts, Wal-Mart has established itself in a key
position in the value chain of its suppliers. It is consumer goods giant Procter & Gambles
largest customer, and holds a significant power position relative to other smaller suppliers.
This position has enabled Wal-Mart to obtain superior price breaks relative to the
competition on the products it carries. Its size has obviated the need for separate
distributors or wholesalers in the value chain. Coupled with the efficiency of its
distribution network and store model, Wal-Mart has achieved a well-entrenched position in
the value chain of its customers as well * that of the lowest cost consumer goods retailer.
Hence, the value that Wal-Mart provides is two-fold. First, it provides value to its suppliers
by operating as a large, relatively stable, nearly omnipresent channel for sales of goods,
which provides rapid feedback on unit sales and localized demand. Secondly, and arguably
more importantly, Wal-Mart provides value to customers by offering aggregation of a wide
variety of consumer goods in a single location, and selling those goods at the lowest prices.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart) operates retail stores in various formats worldwide. The
Company organizes its business into three principal segments: Wal-Mart Stores, SAMS
CLUB and International. The Wal-Mart Stores segment is the largest segment of
Wal-Marts business, accounting for 67.3% sales during the fiscal year ended January 31,
2005 (fiscal 2005). The segment consists of three different retail formats, all of which
operate in the United States. The Companys SAMS CLUB segment consists of
membership warehouse clubs that operate in the United States, and accounts for 13% of
fiscal 2005 sales. The international segment consists of retail operations in eight countries
and Puerto Rico, and generated 19.7% of Wal-Marts fiscal 2005 sales. In addition, the
Company owns an unconsolidated minority interest of approximately 37% of The Seiyu,
Ltd., a retailer in Japan.
(Source: www.msn.com)
PRODUCTS
Wal-Mart operates discount retail department stores selling a broad range of products. It
typically stocks basic, rather than premium products. Wal-Mart also operates
“Supercenters” which include a full line of grocery items. Wal-Mart also operates Sams
Club; these are “warehouse clubs” which, like Costco, require membership dues and sell
merchandise in large and inexpensive sizes and quantities.
Wal-Mart operates 5 major retail formats under 3 retail divisions:
* Wal-Mart Stores USA
o Wal-Mart Discount Stores * Average 100,000 square feet (9,290 m) and include a
selection of general merchandise, including apparel, electronics, health and beauty aids,
toys, sporting goods, and household products.
o Wal-Mart Supercenter * Average 187,000 square feet (17,400 m) and combine a standard
Wal-Mart Discount Store with a full-line supermarket. (commonly known as big box
stores)
o Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market * Average 43,000 square feet (4,000 m) and include
grocery, pharmacy, and limited general merchandise products.
o Walmart.com * Online shopping site that offers merchandise different from that in stores.
The walmart.com site also offers digital music downloads with digital rights management
(DRM) and online photo processing.
* SAMS CLUB * a membership-only wholesale warehouse club focused mainly on
serving small business owners. Clubs average 128,000 square feet (11,891 m).
