The Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal
ACTIVITY 10
Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and
the Universal Exposition of 1889
NAME: Airon Marwyn P. Bendaña COURSE& YEAR: BSAIS- II SCORE:____________
DATE: July 14, 2020 INSTRUCTOR: Sir Ariel Magtanong Tamayo
After reading Lesson10, answer the following questions. You will be entitled for certain
points for each question depending on how substantial your thoughts/responses will be.
1. Why did Rizal establish the following societies/group? Discuss for 5 points each.
a. Kidlat Club
→ Rizal founded Kidlat Club to bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital
so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the Universal
Exposition. It is a temporary social society that was who’s members are also a Filipino like
Rizal. It was establish temporarily only for the exposition.
b. Indios Bravos
→ Rizal met with his Filipino friends in Paris and proposed the creation of an
organization to be called Los Indios Bravos, replacing the Kidlat Club. “Indios” was used by
the Spaniards as a derogatory term for the native inhabitants of the Philippines. But before
this, during the 1889 Paris World Expo, the performance of the American Indians drew
cheers of “Indians brave! Indians brave!” from the French crowds, and stirred the sense of
national pride in Rizal. Rizal decided to convert this derogatory term into a badge of honor.
He proclaimed: “Let us wear the name Indio as our badge of racial pride! Let us make the
Spaniards revise their concept of the Indio—we shall become Indios Bravos!” From there on,
their group was called Los Indios Bravos and wrote works to raise awareness of how Filipinos
were being mistreated.
c. RDLM Society
→ Rizal establish it as a secret society. The aim of the secret society, as stated by
Rizal was “the propagation of all useful knowledge—- there was another aim
that is, the redemption of the Malay race. It must be noted that Rizal was
inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar (1860) written by Multatuli
(Pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author). This book exposed the
Nertherland East Indies under Dutch rule.
d. International Association of Filipinologists
→ Rizal proposed to establish an “International Association of Filipinologist”
and have its inaugural convention in the French capital. Because at that time
the attention was focused at the Universal Expositions, The aims of the
association is “to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point
of view.” Rizal scheduled the holding of the inaugural convention,He
prepared the agenda and invited renowned scholars in Europe to take part in
the proceedings. Unfortunately, their inaugural convention did not materialize
because the French government discouraged the holding of conferences by
private organizations during the period of the international exposition.
2. What were the two criticisms of Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt on Rizal’s annotation of
Antonio de Morga’s book, Sucesos de las Isalas Filipinas? Explain the each criticism for 5
points each.
→ The first criticism of Blumentritt was Rizal commits the error of many historians in
appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards. He explains that Rizal
participated in the error of many modern historians, who judge events of century past, in the
