Plastic Pollution - Strategy to Minimize Plastic Waste Using Circular Economy

PLASTIC POLLUTION | 1

Management study Program (Sustainability and Business)

JURNAL ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Strategy to Minimize Plastic Waste Using Circular

Economy

Anggi Kartika Syuri1 Rohma Fadila²

ABSTRACT

Waste that is not managed properly is the main source of plastic pollution problems that have an impact on the environment

and ecosystem, this problem can be corrected by improving the plastic life cycle. Basically in the phase of producing of

plastic. In this review paper, we discuss current practices to minimize the effective strategy of plastic, by using

environmentally friendly designs of product plastic in a circular economic model that can be applied by side of producers to

minimize the health and environmental impacts of plastics. To invite the stakeholders to commit accelerating the transition

to a circular economy where circularity packaging is new concept.

Keywords: Eco-design, Plastic Waste, Circular economy

1. Introduction

Most people today are facilitated by the

use of plastic. Plastic consists of a network of

molecular monomers that are provided

together to make macromolecules that are

used indefinitely for human society. Plastic is

a very popular product for everyone in the

world because plastic has characteristics such

as, strong durability, low cost, easy

facilitation (light) and corrosion resistance

that is accepted by all circles (Billard, 2019)

Plastics are generally divided into macro

plastics and small plastics, plastic parts (<5

mm) in diameter including nano plastics.

Smaller macro plastic parts (<2.5 cm) can

come from direct and indirect sources such as

lost bottle caps or plastic fragments; general

macro plastics, smaller than 1 m, originating

from rivers or marine sources such as plastic

bags, food and other packaging, fishing

buoys, balloons and macro plastics more than

1 m from fishing activities or disaster events

such as nets and fishing traps abandoned,

ropes, and ship hulls. There are two types of

microplastics; intentionally made primary

microplastics (such as pellets or microbeads)

and secondary microplastics that are

fragmented parts of larger objects (Ansje Lo¨

hr, 2017). Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene

(PP), and polystyrene (PS) are the most

common plastics found in, the most

commonly produced plastics worldwide

(Prata, et al., 2019).

As we know plastic has many advantages

for us but plastic products from the chemical

materials that can impact humans, animals

even the ecosystem in sea and land.

Microplastics may also affect human health

due to particle toxicity, and microplastics are

increasingly being found in water sources and

human food, including seafood. (Eggert,

2019) Also, plastic products may cause direct

harm when plastic bags block drainage

pathways and lead to rising floodwaters or

when plastic debris provides breeding

grounds for mosquitos (Eggert, 2019).

Visual-oriented fish mistakenly eat

microplastics that resemble their prey eaten

by various marine biota, phytoplankton,

zooplankton, sea urchins, lobsters, and even

mammals. Not only that, besides having an

impact on the marine ecosystem, plastics also

harm fish and seabirds (Billard, 2019). Plastic

pollution is a world problem that originates

both on land and at sea. The increase in the

consumption of plastic products is not

surprising, because the value that is given to

consumers is a lot. There is no basic

arrangement for this complex of a worldwide

issue. Plastic pollution becomes the main

challenge for the whole of humankind (J.H.

Kandzioraa, et al., 2019).

Single-use plastics, often also referred to

as disposable plastics, are commonly used for

plastic packaging and include items intended

to be used only once before they are thrown

away or recycled. These include, among other

items, grocery bags, food packaging, bottles,

straws, containers, cups and cutlery. Single-

use plastic bags and Styrofoam products are

widely used because they are strong, cheap

and hygienic ways to transport goods. Plastic

groceries bags consume less energy and water

to produce and generate less solid waste than

paper bags, taking up less space in landfills.

However, some of the characteristics that

make them commercially successful – price,

durability and resistance – also contribute to

making them environmentally unsound

(when mismanaged) and difficult to recycle

(Lord, 2016).

Types of plastic waste from producers, to

support the plastic waste we have. In an effort

to overcome the impact of plastic waste in the

future, many institutions and communities are

pollution problems and how to solve these

problems.

3. Result and Discussion

To decrease the plastic waste, we will do

from the aspect of the producer and shopper.

At production section, the employment of

plastics are reduced by (a) exploitation

various or putrefiable materials (b) rising the

planning to scale back the number of plastic

used, extend product life, change repair and

employ, and improve recyclability by limiting

the amount of polymers, additives, and

mixtures; and (c) ban bound used of single-

use plastics. (Prata, et al., 2019) An example,

plastic used in shopper products and

packaging can be replaced with the choice

materials that serve a similar purpose (such as

paper, steel, aluminum, and glass). Improved

design is creating caps indivisible from

plastics bottles to extend their correct

disposal. But this might impair recyclability

due to the presence of 2 chemical compound

varieties. (Lord, 2016)

The government gives a big role to

reduce plastic waste, the government can

make regulations about using plastic and

education or awareness to the citizen that

focus on practical actions, including the

reduction in consumption of harmful