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Study Guide
Nature and nurture
Environment determines which of a person’s genes are expressed and how they are
expressed
Nature and nurture both play a role in developmental outcome
Teratogens environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus, e.g. drugs, alcohol, bacteria,
viruses, and chemicals
Brain development The mind develops adaptively. New, useful skills appear at appropriate
times, even in the absence of specific training
developmental psychology: the study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition,
emotion, and social behavior
Attachment a strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances
secure attachment: the attachment style for a majority of infants. The infant is confident enough
to play in an unfamiliar environment as long as the caregiver is present and is readily comforted
by the caregiver during times of distress
insecure (anxious) attachment: the attachment style for a minority of infants. The infant may
exhibit insecure attachment through various behaviors, such as avoiding contact with the
caregiver, or by alternating between approach and avoidance behaviors
Habituation is a form of learning in which an organism decreases or ceases to respond to a
stimulus after repeated presentations. Essentially, the organism learns to stop responding to a
stimulus which is no longer biologically relevant.
Piaget theory & stages that children go through four stages of development: sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
