Title:
Permeability and Porosity of Gravel/Coarse Sand, Fine Sands, and Clay, and their Relationship
Based on Laboratory Testing.
Introduction:
Beneath the surface, a groundwater can be found in both soils, sediments, and solid rock. The soils
and sediments are considered as unconsolidated material, which consisted of loose sediments and
particles like silts and sand that are not cemented together by minerals, while the rocks and bedrock
are considered to be consolidated materials, which grains of sediment are cemented and bound
together in a more compact manner. Whether or not groundwater gets into unconsolidated and
consolidated materials depends on some of the characteristics of those materials.
The amount of pore space in soil, sediments, and rock is called porosity, which can also be defined
as the percentage of a material’s total volume that is taken up by pores. This “empty” space has a
fantastic ability to hold water that seeps down from the land surface. Material with good porosity
can be called “porous” Porosity depends on the size, shape, and mixture of grains and particles
that compose soil and rock. However, larger particles such as sand and gravel will have more
spaces available between them. In addition to porosity which is the amount of pore space,
