The first study conducted by (Shapiro S.L) aimed to examine the effect of
mindfulness based intervention for women with breast cancer on sleep
quality and sleep efficiency. The three hypotheses of this study are that
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction can reduce psychological distress
and increase ability to monitor negative cognitions and decrease sleep
disturbance. Sleep quality is related to psychological distress. Participants
in the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction would exhibit more noteworthy
reported sleep quality and efficiency when contrasted with the free choice
control condition.
The sample size is 63 females whom were identified with stage 2 breast
cancer but while doing the study they had to be cancer-free.
There were criteria to choose the sample: she has to be a female, her age
has to be from 18-80, fluent English. The women ranged from 38 to 77
years old. 47 women were married or in relationship, 3 divorced, 4 widowed
and 9 single, 54 non-Hispanic white, 5 Hispanic and 2 African American.
The instruments used were self-report questionnaires to evaluate quality of
life, psychological distress, sense of control, anxiety, depression, sense of
coherence and worry. Psychological measures were used. It included
Profile of mood state scale (POMS), Penn State Were Questionnaire
(PENN), the state-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Functional Assessment of
cancer Treatment–Breast (FACIT-B), the Shapiro Control Inventory (SCI)
and sense of coherence (SOC). Moreover, sleep diaries were used and it
includes entries for nap, sleep latency, number and duration of awakenings,
total sleep, quality of sleep, feelings upon awakening, and whether or not
