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1. What do you think was the main reason the authors wrote this review article?
The main reason for this review article is to provide information on weight loss management
through macronutrient composition. In my understanding, the authors focused more on energy
balance related to energy expenditure. With that, the article delved into comparing the study of
high/low-carbohydrate, high/low-protein, and high/low fat diets. However, the study declared
that such diets are effective only in short term weight loss and in need of more long term data
e.g., the 1 yearlong study concluded no significant evidence in weight difference of high-protein
and high-carbohydrate diet. The authors made it clear that weight management is correlated to
total energy intake and energy output. But because of many underlying factors involved such as,
physical activity, RMR, and TEF it is unclear to provide the exact number of macronutrients
needed while also acquiring the recommended number of micronutrients.
2. Examine the table and explain the main points.
The table serves a predictor of weight loss based on caloric deficit per day to procure an
estimated weight loss per week e.g., an energy deficit of 1,050 kcal/d results in an estimated
.67kg/1.5lbs lost per week.
3. The authors mention their review provides no support for a metabolic advantage of low-
carbohydrate diets or for high proteins diets. What should we conclude?
We can conclude that the metabolic advantage comes from an overall maintenance of energy
use. The study showed that high-protein diet relates to having a longer satiety period and eating
less ultimately leads to a lower calorie intake. Additionally, a low-carbohydrate diet relates to
loss of water weight which can easily be gained back and cannot be a precursor to significant
weight loss. In order to effectively lose weight through diet composition, the author suggests
more long term study in optimizing the right amount of caloric intake and macronutrients
needed per day to produce a healthy balanced diet. Conclusively, metabolic advantages deal
more on stabilizing proper macronutrient intake to assess for energy spent.
