Kazakpayev Maxat
Motivation
Motivation – is the process encouraging people to work. There are many different aspects
of the theory of motivation, and they are:
1. Historically, the early views on motivation to work, such as the policy of “carrot and
stick”. The adherents of this view think that man is by nature lazy, sly, selfish, wants to
give less and get more, hence there is a need to constantly force him to work and
systematically encouraged to achieve high results.
2. Content theories of motivation (as an incentive to work discusses the inner satisfaction
of man, his needs).
3. Procedural theories of motivation (motivation occurs during labor process).
Let us consider each of the theories. The content theories of motivation include:
• A. Maslow’s theory;
• K. Alderfer’s theory;
• D. McClelland theory;
• F. Hertzberg’s theory;
A Maslow (1908-1970) provides the following hierarchy that makes a need for person to
work.
And Maslow (1908-1970) offers the following hierarchy inducing the person requirements
to work:
• Physiological needs (hunger, thirst)
• Needs for safety, stability and confidence in the future
• Needs for love, participation, communication
• Needs for recognition and self-confirmation
• Needs for self-actualization
A. Maslow assumed that needs for this hierarchy arise gradually. Satisfying primary
requirements, the person gradually becomes more motivated. People not simply satisfy one
need for another, but move up, changing the importance for these or those needs.
Self-actualization — is the highest degree of motivating the person; his desire and
strong-willed actions. Self actualization — means to become a person that individual
wants to be, reach the maximum level of realization that potentially available. The problem
is that:
• The person often doesn’t know about the abilities, mission or talent
• The person knows about the abilities, but doesn’t want to develop them into work. (The
will is weak)
• The person knows about the abilities, but can’t develop them into work for a number of
reasons (material, physical, etc.)
According to A. Maslow, the highest level of motivation can reach only about 1% of all
people.
According to K. Alderfer’s theory of need the person can be combined in three separate
groups:
• Needs for existence (safety, physiological)
• Needs for communication (in belongings to any group and participation in any business,
aspiration to be the family member, to have friends, colleagues, etc.)
• The need for growth (need for recognition, self-assertion and self-improvement)
