Macroeconomics, 8e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore) The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy

Macroeconomics, 8e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore)

Chapter 2 The Measurement and Structure of the National Economy

2.1 National Income Accounting

1) The accounting framework used in measuring current economic activity is called

A) the U.S. expenditure accounts.

B) the national income accounts.

C) the flow of funds accounts.

D) the balance of payments accounts.

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

2) The three approaches to measuring economic activity are the

A) cost, income, and expenditure approaches.

B) product, income, and expenditure approaches.

C) consumer, business, and government approaches.

D) private, public, and international approaches.

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

3) The value of a producer’s output minus the value of the inputs it purchases from other

producers is called the producer’s

A) surplus.

B) profit.

C) value added.

D) gross product.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

4) The value added of a producer is the

A) total amount for which all its products sell minus its change in inventories.

B) value of its total sales once externalities are accounted for.

C) value of its output minus the value of the inputs it purchases from other producers.

D) quality-adjusted amount of its total sales less any commissions paid.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: New

5) The Bigdrill company drills for oil, which it sells for $200 million to the Bigoil

company to be made into gas. The Bigoil company’s gas is sold for a total of $600 million.

What is the total contribution to the country’s GDP from companies Bigdrill and Bigoil?

A) $200 million

B) $400 million

C) $600 million

D) $800 million

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

6) Sam’s Semiconductors produces computer chips, which it sells for $10 million to Carl’s

Computer Company (CCC). CCC’s computers are sold for a total of $16 million. What is

the value added of CCC?

A) $6 million

B) $10 million

C) $16 million

D) $26 million

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

7) The Compagnie Naturelle sells mounted butterflies, using butterfly bait it buys from

another firm for $20,000. It pays its workers $35,000, pays $1,000 in taxes, and has profits

of $3,000. What is its value added?

A) $3,000

B) $19,000

C) $39,000

D) $59,000

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

8) The equation total production = total income = total expenditure is called

A) the goods-market equilibrium condition.

B) the total identity.

C) the fundamental identity of national income accounting.

D) Say’s Law.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

9) The fundamental identity of national income accounting is

A) total production = total income – total expenditure.

B) total production = total income + total expenditure.

C) total production = total income = total expenditure.

D) total production = total income / total expenditure.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: New

10) To ensure that the fundamental identity of national income accounting holds, changes

in inventories are

A) treated as part of expenditure.

B) treated as part of saving.

C) ignored.

D) counted as consumption.

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

11) Describe the three different approaches to measuring the amount of economic activity

that occurs during a period of time and explain why they all give identical measurements.

Answer: The approaches are the product approach, which measures the amount of output

produced; the income approach, which measures the incomes received by producers of

output; and the expenditure approach, which measures the amount of spending by the

ultimate purchasers of output. They give identical measurements because everything that is

produced is purchased by someone, so the expenditure and product approaches must be

equal, and because anything that is purchased means that someone is earning income in the

same amount, so the expenditure and income approaches must be equal.

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.1

Question Status: Previous Edition

2.2 Gross Domestic Product

1) To what extent are homemaking and child-rearing accounted for in the government’s

GDP accounts?

A) Not at all

B) Only to the extent that they are provided for pay

C) Only to the extent that taxes are paid on them

D) All homemaking and child-rearing are accounted for

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

2) The measurement of GDP includes

A) nonmarket goods such as homemaking and child-rearing.

B) the benefits of clean air and water.

C) estimated values of activity in the underground economy.

D) purchases and sales of goods produced in previous periods.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

3) Which of the following is included in U.S. GDP?

A) The sale of a new car from a manufacturer’s inventory

B) The purchase of a watch from a Swiss company

C) The sale of a used car

D) A newly constructed house

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

4) Government statisticians adjust GDP figures to include estimates of

A) the value of homemaking (work done within the home).

B) the underground economy.

C) child-rearing services provided by stay-at-home parents.

D) the costs of pollution to society.

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

5) Because government services are not sold in markets,

A) they are excluded from measurements of GDP.

B) the government tries to estimate their market value and uses this to measure the

government’s contribution to GDP.

C) they are valued at their cost of production.

D) taxes are used to value their contribution.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

6) Intermediate goods are

A) capital goods, which are used up in the production of other goods but were produced in

earlier periods.

B) final goods that remain in inventories.

C) goods that are used up in the production of other goods in the same period that they

were produced.

D) either capital goods or inventories.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

7) Capital goods are

A) a type of intermediate good.

B) final goods, because they are not used up during a given year.

C) produced in the same year as the related final good, whereas intermediate goods are

produced in different years.

D) produced in one year, whereas final goods are produced over a period of more than one

year.

Answer: B

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

8) Capital goods are

A) not counted in GDP as final goods.

B) not used to produce other goods.

C) used up in the same period that they are produced.

D) goods used to produce other goods.

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: New

9) Marvin’s Metal Company produces screws that it sells to Ford, which uses the screws as

a component of its cars. In the national income accounts, the screws are classified as

A) inventory.

B) final goods.

C) capital goods.

D) intermediate goods.

Answer: D

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

10) Larry’s Lathe-makers Limited produces lathes, which are purchased by furniture

manufacturers all over the world. The standard lathe depreciates over a twenty-five year

period. In the national income accounts, the lathes are classified as

A) inventory.

B) raw materials.

C) capital goods.

D) intermediate goods.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

11) Fred the farmer purchased five new tractors at $20,000 each. Fred sold his old tractors

to other farmers for $50,000. The net increase in GDP of these transactions was

A) $50,000.

B) $100,000.

C) $125,000.

D) $150,000.

Answer: B

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

12) Inventories include each of the following except

A) unsold finished goods.

B) goods in process.

C) raw materials held by firms.

D) office equipment.

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

13) GDP differs from GNP because

A) GDP = GNP – net factor payments from abroad.

B) GNP = GDP – net factor payments from abroad.

C) GDP = GNP – capital consumption allowances.

D) GNP = GDP – capital consumption allowances.

Answer: A

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

14) If an American construction company built a road in Kuwait, this activity would be

A) excluded from U.S. GNP.

B) fully included in U.S. GDP.

C) included in U.S. GNP only for that portion that was attributable to American capital and

labor.

D) included in U.S. GDP but not in U.S. GNP.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

15) Nations such as Egypt and Turkey may have wide differences between GNP and GDP

because both the countries

A) have a high level of imports and exports relative to GNP.

B) have a large portion of their GNP produced by multinational corporations.

C) have a large number of citizens working abroad.

D) purchase large amounts of military wares from other countries.

Answer: C

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

16) If C = $500, I = $150, G = $100, NX = $40, and GNP = $800, how much is NFP?

A) -$10

B) -$5

C) $5

D) $10

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

17) If C = $250, I = $50, G = $60, NX =- $20, and NFP = $5, how much is GNP?

A) $365

B) $335

C) $340

D) $345

Answer: D

Diff: 3

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: New

18) If C = $400, I = $100, G = $50, NX = $30, and NFP = $5, how much is GDP?

A) $580

B) $575

C) $585

D) $550

Answer: A

Diff: 3

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: New

19) The income-expenditure identity says that

A) Y = C + S + T.

B) Y = C + I + G.

C) Y = C + I + G + NX.

D) Y = C + I + G + NX + CA.

Answer: C

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

20) Which of the following is not a category of consumption spending in the national

income accounts?

A) Consumer durables

B) Nondurable goods

C) Services

D) Housing purchases

Answer: D

Diff: 1

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

21) Consumer spending is spending by ________ households on final goods and services

produced ________.

A) domestic; domestically and abroad

B) domestic; domestically

C) domestic and foreign; domestically and abroad

D) domestic and foreign; domestically

Answer: A

Diff: 2

Topic: Section: 2.2

Question Status: Previous Edition

22) Business fixed investment includes purchases of