BIO 203 Introductory Biology II Lab SP 2021
Lab 6. Plant Diversity and Evolution
1.
a. Bryophytes have zygotes that form embryos that helps them adapt to a life under harsh
conditions on land. Bryophytes have Stomata and pores, that is adaptation is beneficial because it
regulates water evaporation and allow oxygen to be expelled outside the environment. Also,
they have Shown the division of labor in the plant body that is beneficial because it allows an
individual to produce more and to take advantage of the economics of scale. (Reading: The
Division of and Specialization of Labor, Guard Cells regulate gas and moisture exchange, Plants
onto land – The algae through the gymnosperms)
b. Seedless Vascular Plants have vascular tissue that makes them live longer when there is
no water and to grow longer. Second, they have roots that keeps them in place, take up air, water, from
soil to the leave it takes nutrients to provide sugar, and energy to the plant. Thirdly, they also have stem
or shoot system they also provide to the leaves, flowers, and buds. They produce new cells n meristems
by conducting water and nutarians. (Plants II – Non-vascular and Seedless Vascular Plants, Take 5
Daily, ND, Alan Miller, Shoots, The importance of Healthy Roots)
c. Flowering plants rely on pollination for reproduction that helps them obtain food in the form of
energy/ protein pollen, reproduce, keep producing flowers and fruits. No flowering seedless
plants have roots, stems, and needles that support leave to conduct water to the leaves. (Seedless
Vascular Plants, Difference Between Flowering & Nonflowering Plants, Stem Plants )
2.
a. They can only find in moist shady and cool areas; they are first land terrestrial plants. They
cannot be found in hot or dry environment because they require external wat, don’t have well
developed root system that can absorb water, and their body is not covered by waxy that is
made of cultic which. Another reason is because they have no vascular tissue that helps with
transporting water. (BRYOPHYTES, Lab 8 – Primitive Plants- Bryophytes, Ferns and Fern
Allies)
b. Some strategies that help plans that are in dry environments to survive are due to the Stomata,
some plants have small holes of stomata and some have few that helps with the reduction of water
loss by keeping the hot from and across the stomata. Second strategy is having thick waxy covering
that covers the leaves to keep the plants from reducing evaporation loss and cooler. (How Are
Desert Plants Adapted To Survive In A Desert. Cactusway Team)
3.
a. Alternation of generation is a life cycle that is in some algae and terrestrial plants where a
generation of an individual alternate to two and they are haploid or diploid organisms. The life
cycle alternate between two stages and they are sporophyte and gametophyte. During
sporophyte stage is diploid and the spores are through meiosis and then they are haploid. Then
go through mitosis, then gametophyte is produced. Gametophytes go through mitosis then
produces haploid gamete. Fertilization takes place, embryo is produced and then goes through
mitosis to produce sporophyte (diploid). (Alternation of Generations)
b. ancestral green algae life cycle is dominated by sporophyte. Bryophytes is in gametophyte for
its life cycle. Pteridophytes, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms are in sporophyte generation.
(Alternation of Generations, Pteridophytes, 9.22: Angiosperm Life Cycle)
Literate Citation
1)
a. Reading: The Division of and Specialization of Labor. Accessed March 9, 2021.
