BIO 203 Introductory Biology II Laboratory
Report Questions – Spring 2021
Lab 5: Microbial Sampling
1. Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally in bacteria by a process called natural selection and happens as a
consequence of evolution. After a gene is generated, a bacterium can transfer its gene information.
Basically, batterie mutate its DNA randomly and then it led to change in their characteristic. It is
dangerous to us globally because it will be hard to treat the infections and diseases. Also, it will cost a
lot of money, requires a lot of attention in hospitals, and can cause a lot of number of deaths. (Antibiotic
resistance)
2. Our microbiome is the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). The human microbiome is what live in/on
humans. The HMP was made by the National Institutes of health, HMP identify microbial inhabitants of
human body. Also, analyzing their role in health and in diseases. The importance of maintaining is that
they play a big role in bloods clotting, healthy intestinal function and also for disease and antibots that
create balance in different types of bacteria in the large intestine. HMP can impact their susceptibility that
can be harmful to diseases. The sue of antibiotic soap and other products are dangerous to us because they
contain triclosan that cause a change in the way hormones work in humans and they can also kill
pathogens. (Antibacterial soap may do more harm than good, FDA says, The Human Microbiome, and
the large intestinal)
3.
a. E. coli sensitive is to Vancomycin antibiotic, and the bacteria seem to tolerate penicillin and
None (control). (graph in part a)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
None (control)
Penicillin
Clindamycin
Amoxicillin
Vancomycin
Erythromycin
Cephalexin
Zone of Inhibition (mm)
Antibiotic
Zone of inhibition (mm) measurements for E. coli
Vancomycin seems to have the highest zone of inhibition (17 mm) for E. coli. Secondly, E. coli
exposure to Clindamycin antibiotics is 16.5 (zone of inhibition mm). Thirdly, E. coli exposure to
Cephalexin is 12 mm (zone of inhibition). Amoxicillin effect on E. coli is 9mm and Erythromycin is 7 mm.
Penicillin, and None (control) antibiotics seem to have no effect on E. coli and it seem that E. coli is not
