Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Project management is an integrative effort. Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge
area at a certain time usually affect other knowledge areas. Managing these interactions
requires making trade-offs among the project scope, time, and cost. A project manager may
also need to make trade-offs between other knowledge areas, for example between risk and
human resources. Therefore, we should view project management as a number of related
processes.
A process is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. Project management
process groups progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing
activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities. Initiating processes
including defining and authorizing a project or project phase. To initiate a project or the
concept phase of a project, someone must define the business need for the project.,
someone must sponsor the project, and someone must take on the role of project manager.
Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.
Planning processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the
project addresses the organization needs. There is normally no single project plan.
Typically, there are several project plans, for example, the scope management plan,
procurement management plan, schedule management plan, cost management plan, and so
on. Each plan defines each knowledge area as it relates to the software development
project at that point in time. For example, a software development project team must
develop a plan to define the work that needs to be done for the project, to schedule
activities that related to that work, to estimate costs for performing the work, and so on. In
order to account for the changing conditions on the software development project and in
the organization, software project development teams will often revise project plans during
each phase of the software development project life cycle.
Executing processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the
software development project plans and produce the software products and services of the
project or phase. Examples include developing the software development project team,
directing and managing the software development project team, performing quality
assurance, distributing information, and selecting sellers.
Monitoring and controlling processes include regularly measuring and monitoring progress
to ensure that the software development project team meets the project objectives. The
software development project manager and staff monitor and measure progress against the
plans and take corrective action when necessary. A common monitoring and controlling
process is performance reporting, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary
