As a future health educator for New York State Department of Health:
How would you raise awareness of equity and diversity learning on stress, the constant challenge for
underrepresented communities, based on the content of Chapter 2 and any other workshops or
sourcesstress refers to two things: the
Stress refers to mental states or events that trigger physical and psychological reactionsStressor is Any
physical or psychological event or TERMS condition that produces physical and psychological reactions.
Stress is popularly viewed as an uncomfortable response to a negative event, which probably describes
nervous tension more than the cluster of physical and psychological responses that actually constitutes
stress). The role of stress in health is complex, but evidence suggests that stress can increase
vulnerability to many ailments. Common sources of stress include: Any major change in your life that
requires adjustment and accommodation can be a source of stress. Researchers have proposed that
minor problems— life’s daily hassles, such as losing your keys or wallet—can be an even greater source
of stress because they occur much more often, College is a time of major changes and minor hassles
Stress is universal, but an individual’s response to stress can vary depending on gender, cultural
background, prior experience, and genetic factors. In diverse multiethnic and multicultural nations
,some groups face special stressors and have higherthan-average rates of stress-related physical and
emotional problems. These groups include racial and ethnic minorities, the poor, those with physical or
mental disabilities, and those who don’t express mainstream gender roles. Discrimination occurs when
people speak or act according to their prejudices—biased, negative beliefs or attitudes toward some
group. Doing so requires a balance between assimilating and changing to be like the majority, and
maintaining a connection to their own culture, language, and religion. The process of acculturation is
generally stressful, especially when the person’s background is radically diferent from that of the people
he or she is now living among, or when people in the new community are suspicious or unwelcoming,
They may make less money in comparable jobs with comparable levels of education and may find it
more difcult to achieve leadership positions. On a positive note, however, many who experience
hardship, disability, or prejudice develop efective goaldirected coping skills and are successful at
overcoming obstacles and managing the stress they
To raise awreness on equity and diversity learning on stress, is first, to have the best information on
stress, itscauses and rffrct and riskss. This information is available. I would also crate awereness on how
to manage stress . The effort required for stress management is well worth the time. People who
manage stress effectively not only are healthier but also have more time to enjoy life and accomplish
goals. I would also encourage social support to the people with stress.Having the support of friends and
family members contributes to the well-being of body and mind∙ I would also encourage personal
wellbeing as a way of managing stress throughImproving communication skills, Developing healthy
exercise and eating habit, Sharing feelings and concerns with others. Being a supportive listener. “ If you
feel able, help others in any way you can, such as by volunteering to work with victims. ” If you feel
emotionally distressed days or weeks after the event, consider asking for professional help
Exercise helps maintain a healthy body and mind and even stimulates the birth of new brain cells.
Regular physical activity can also reduce many of the negative effects of stress. Consider the following
examples: ∙ Taking a long walk can decrease anxiety and blood pressure. Studies show that not all giving
is the same—for example, donating money does not have the same beneficial health effects as
volunteering that involves personal contact. A few simple guidelines can help you get the most out of
giving: ∙ Choose a volunteer activity that puts you in contact with people. ∙ Volunteer with a group.
Sharing your interests with other volunteers increases social support. Volunteering seems to have the
most benefits for people who also have other close relationships and social interests. Communicating in
an assertive way that respects the rights of others—while protecting your own rights—can prevent
stressful situations from getting out of control. Some people have trouble either telling others what they
need or saying no to the needs of others. They may suppress their feelings of anger, frustration, and
resentment, and they may end up feeling taken advantage of or suffering in unhealthy relationships. A A
healthful diet gives you an energy bank to draw from whenever you experience stress. Eating wisely also
can enhance your feelings of self-control and self-esteem. Learning the principles of sound nutrition is
easy, and sensible eating habits rapidly become second nature when practiced regularly. (For
information about nutrition and healthy eating habits. Learning to manage your time can be crucial to
coping with everyday stressors. Overcommitment, procrastination, and even boredom are significant
stressors for many people. Try these strategies for improving your time management skills. Spiritual
wellness is associated with more effective coping skills and higher levels of overall wellness. It is a very
personal wellness component, and there are many ways to develop it. Researchers have linked spiritual
wellness to longer life expectancy, reduced risk of disease, faster recovery, and improved emotional
health. Although spirituality is difficult to study, and researchers aren’t sure how or why spirituality
seems to improve health, several explanations have been offered. A key to promoting health and well-
being through journaling is to write about your emotional responses to stressful events. Set aside a
special time each day or week to write down your feelings about stressful events in your life.
Mindfulness meditation is a powerful way to manage stress and has been the topic of an enormous
body of medical research since 1979.
ccording to the text, an estimated 51.5 million adults aged 18 or older in the United States are with
any mental illness as of 2019. As a future Health director at University X:
• How would you raise awareness of equity and diversity learning on psychological health?
Cultures develop unique ideas about mental health—about what is normal and what is
problematic, how symptoms should be interpreted and communicated, whether treatment
should be sought, and whether a social stigma is attached to a particular symptom or disorder.
Based on their various environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, cultures
perceive—categorize and interpret—psychological disorders diferently. Climate and geography,
as well as other environmental factors, such as diet, contribute to a group’s health. These
culturally distinct ideas change as the group comes into contact with other groups. For example,
Asian immigrants to the United States have often come from collectivist cultures that anticipate
and care for the needs of each other, so that individuals don’t need to request support. In U.S.
cultures, usually no group is expected to look after the needs of an individual; rather, individuals
or their close families are responsible for seeking help for themselves. For this reason Asian
immigrants appear to have more trouble than European Americans asking for explicit social
support. The process by which individuals and groups adapt to each other’s cultures, called
acculturation, is an important influence on health. This adaptation ideally represents an
exchange between both cultures, so that they learn how to do things a new way. Acculturation,
however, often applies only to immigrants’ adopting influences from a dominant culture. When
a dominant group takes over the resources of a minority group— for example, a government
enforces an English-only policy on bilingual speakers, thereby increasing the difculties of the
immigrants seeking help—then the socioeconomic status of the adapting group often decreases.
As the following examples show, this status change may then further afect the psychological
health of the group. Arctic Native Populations Studies of native populations around the Arctic
(e.g., in northern Canada, Greenland, and Scandinavia) reveal many cases of elevated and
chronic stress, accompanied by high blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. This chronic stress is
linked to 50 years of rapid socioeconomic change: The population has experienced long-term
unemployment, contamination of food, and a multitude of other acculturation problems. As
they have acculturated, indigenous people have sufered discrimination, loss of traditional
values, and lack of control over their resources. Because they live in climates with less light
during winter months, they also experience seasonal afective disorder, a form of depression.
Cultural expressions of their high levels of anxiety and depression include increased incidence of
suicide and violence. Adolescents, in particular, among Alaska Natives and Greenland Inuit, have
recently had a high number of suicides. In these populations, levels of injury and violence reach
two to four times as high as national averages. Latinos in the United States Latinos in the United
States generally are healthier than other U.S. racial and ethnic groups, for example, in mortality
rates for adults and newborn babies. Still, mortality rates, incidence of chronic illness, and some
mental health conditions such as depression vary within the U.S. Latino population, depending
on Latino origin or cultural heritage (e.g., Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban). One of the largest
immigrant groups in the United States is from Mexico. Surprisingly, surveys show that these
immigrants are psychologically healthier than their own children born in the United States. The
children, who have acculturated into the dominant society—or acquired some knowledge of its
language, food choice, dress, music, sports, etc.—are more likely to sufer from problems with
depression, substance abuse, poor diet, and birth outcomes (e.g., prematurity, low birthweight,
and teen pregnancy). Reasons for the negative efects of acculturation may be the stresses of
cultural conflicts around ideas of individuality, interpersonal relationships, and what it means to
succeed. Access to processed American foods high in simple sugars and excess fat may also
prevail over the diets of their parents, which tend to be higher in fiber, protein, and vegetables
and fruits. Despite these problems, secondgeneration Americans nevertheless tend to have
higher rates of insurance coverage and access to health care. Their greater facility with English is
correlated with higher frequencies of general physical, vision, and dental check-ups. Regardless
of one’s generation, other factors afect immigrants’ health outcomes living in the U.S.:
education, wealth, occupational and language skills all influence their lifestyles, as well as the
policies of the government and attitudes of Americans already here.
• Please choose one psychological disorder from the text to explain your answer based on the
content of Chapter 3 and any other workshops or sources
sychological health contributes to every dimension of wellness. It can be difficult to maintain emotional,
social, or even physical wellness if you are not psychologically healthy. Psychological health (or mental
health) can be defined either negatively, as the absence of sickness, or positively, as the presence of
wellness. T
Psychological disorders are generally the result of many factors
Panic Disorder People with panic disorder experience sudden unexpected surges in anxiety,
accompanied by symptoms such as rapid and strong heartbeat, shortness of breath, loss of physical
equilibrium, and a feeling of losing mental control. Such attacks usually begin in a person’s early
twenties and can lead to a fear of being in crowds or closed places or of driving or flying. Sufferers fear
that a panic attack will occur in a situation from which escape is difficult (in an elevator), where the
attack could be incapacitating and result in a dangerous or embarrassing loss of control (driving a car or
shopping), or where no medical help would be available if needed (alone away from home). Fears such
as these lead to avoidance of situations that might cause trouble. The fearsraphobia. People with panic
