HANDICRAFT
Western Crafts and Arts
The Arts and Crafts movement originated as late 19th-century
design reform and social movement principally in Europe, North
America and Australia, and continues today. Its proponents are
motivated by the ideals of movement founders such as William
Morris and John Ruskin, who proposed that in pre-industrial
societies, such as the European Middle Ages
1
, people had
achieved fulfillment through the creative process of handicrafts.
This was held up in contrast to what was perceived to be the
alienating effects of industrial labor.
Modern education
Arts and crafts projects are a common elementary and middle school activity in both
mainstream and alternative education systems around the world.
-Batik craftswomen in Java
