GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TOH JOEY (SCKL1900389)
TANG LU YEE (SCKL1900348)
LIM MEI SIN (SCKL1900103)
SEGI COLLEGE KUALA LUMPUR
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Table Content
Chapter1:
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….3-5
Chapter2:
Content……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………6
Sigmund Freud’s defense mechanism………………………………………….6-12
Jung Typology Test……………………………………………………………13-21
The Big 5 Inventory……………………………………………………………21-28
Chapter3:
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..………..………………………….29
References…………………………………………………………………………………..………..30-31
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CHAPTER 1
1.0 Introduction
Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) was the founder of psychoanalysis, a type of
therapy that aims to release pent-up or repressed emotions and memories in or to lead
the client to catharsis or healing, and also a theory which explains human behavior
(Saul, 2018). According to his theory, he emphasized that childhood experiences are
crucial in shaping adult personality. For instance, nervousness or anxiety originating
from traumatic experiences that occurred on the past of an individual could be hidden
from consciousness and may cause issues during adulthood (in the form of neuroses).
He later introduced his psychoanalysis theory, which focuses on the unconscious
mind, in between 1900 to 1905. He proposed a topographical model of the mind, a
first iceberg “map” of the different systems of the mind. According to Freud, the
mental apparatus can be broadly understood in terms of three mental systems:
unconscious, preconscious, and conscious or developed the psyche structured into
three parts: the id, ego, and superego. All these stages represent different stages in our
lives and they are systems, not parts of the brain. Besides, he also introduced defense
mechanism, a method that people use to separate themselves from unpleasant actions,
thought, and events. These may help people to put distance between themselves and
threats or unwanted feelings, such as guilt or shame.
Carl Jung (1875 to 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded
analytical psychology, in some aspects a response to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis.
His theory is almost the same as Freud, he made his assumption that the mind, or
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psyche, has both a conscious and an unconscious level. He expanded the notion of the
unconscious to a new concept, which is personal unconscious, refers to those psychic
images not sensed by the ego that brings the meaning of all human beings to share
certain unconscious ideas because humans were created from similar evolutionary
circumstances and common ancestors. He divided the unconscious into 2 groups,
personal unconscious that contains the complexes such as emotionally toned groups
of related ideas and collective unconscious that includes various archetypes (Feist &
Feist, 2013). He also proposed and developed the concepts of the extraverted and the
introverted personality, psychological function, and development of personality based
on his view. His work has been influential in psychiatry and the study of religion,
literature, and related fields.
Paul Costa and Robert R.McCrae are an exceptionally beneficial research team that
has cooperated since they initially met in Boston in 1975. Their more than 250
publications on personality traits and the Five Factor model have had a significant
effect on personality assessment, theory, and research. Robert R. McCrae (1949 until
now) is a personality psychologist at the National Institute of Aging. He has spent his
career studying the stability of personality across age and culture. Alongside Paul
Costa, he is a co-creator of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Paul Costa, Jr.
(1942 until now) is an American psychologist and author of over 300 academic
articles. He is perhaps best known for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Costa
and McCrae’s exploration mirrors their suffering enthusiasm for the scientific study of
personality by which individuals vary from each other. They proposed the “The Big 5
Invention”, the five basic dimensions of personality includes extraversion (also often
spelled extroversion), agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism.
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As indicated by their research, personality traits are construed as essential inclinations
that are established in science and interface with outside impacts, including culture,
habits, tastes, and values of the individual.
The purpose of the assignment is to provide us with an opportunity to apply concepts
and topics from the Theory of Personality class to our own life. In the content, authors
will focus on the theories that developed by three major philosophers: Sigmund Freud
and Carl Jung who emphasized on psychoanalysis, and Robert R. McCrae who
emphasized on dispositional. Each part of the 3 philosopher’s theories content will
display Lim Mei Sin, Toh Joey, and Tang Lu Yee’s results as evidence to prove the
concept by giving examples.
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CHAPTER 2
2.0 Content
This part will cover 3 philosophers’ theories in shaping our own personality,
which are Sigmund Freud that focusing on defense mechanism, the Jung Typology
test by Carl Jung, and the Big 5 Inventory by Costa and McCrae.
2.1 Sigmund Freud
Table 2.1.1. Data defense mechanism of Lim Mei Sin that observed on 21st June 2020
Defense Mechanism
Example
Displacement
I am frustrated with my elder sister because she has not been
helping my mom with household chores. When I turned to my
younger sister for help, she responds by whining. My anger
exploded so that I yell at them and accuse them of never helping
around the house.
When people experience pain from anxiety, they have different ways of
handling their pain. These different ways of protecting the ego and dealing with pain
are called defense mechanisms. On 21st June 2020, when I argued with my elder sister,
I’m showing my dissatisfaction with my younger sister, and this defense mechanism
is called displacement. Displacement takes place when a person redirects a negative
emotion from its source to a less threatening recipient that is less likely to come with
repercussions (Kendra, 2020). People often use displacement when they cannot
express their feelings to the person they are directed at safely. A classic example is a
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man who blows up at his boss, however, he can’t communicate his resentment to his
supervisor for fear of being fired. He may get back home beginnings a contention
with his wife or yells to his children.
Before I learned the Freudian theory, I thought the ways that I deal with anxiety
and stress are randomly and unreasonable. For example, when my mom is scolded at
me, sometimes I will cry, sometimes I will talk back, and sometimes I will ignore it. I
assumed these changes is based on my mood and is casual and flexible. However,
after I learned the Freudian theory, I’m able to apply the defense mechanism theory to
my everyday life accurately. The ways that we deal with any stress and anxiety is
normally based on the situation that we faced. According to the given situation that I
