even birds are at a great risk from pesticides because even they work as the
pollinators like the bees and butterflies. It does not just cause harm to the
pollinators, but also once the seeds have been pollinated to non GM fields, it
spreads the toxicity and the DNA of GMOs to the naturally grown plants
contaminating them as well.
Another problem with GM plants is that they are made in a way to be
insect, virus or pest resistant, but there is a possibility that the insects
could become resistant to the lethal proteins. This could be a problem for
the transgenic Bt plants such a corn, potatoes, and cotton. The potential of
pests to develop resistance against the defense mechanisms of crops is
well-known and is not unique to genetically engineered plants. It is noted
that, “pests that are targeted by these agricultural methods can adapt to
pesticides and herbicides, in addition to the DNA changes in GM plants to
make them resistant to external agents. This means that they will not
always be effective, but their toxic effects will remain” (Ayesha Mehrotra,
GMO Foods- A Slow Death?)
2. Herbicide tolerance, Biodiversity and Pollution of soil
GMO improves the plants yield higher comparing with conventional
farming by making them tolerant to pest, weeds, herbicides, insects, and
salinity. This bio technique engines the lethal genome for certain insect,
weed, or element to the target plant, which means “the plants genetically
modified to express toxins that render then resistant to certain target insect
pests” (Scientific committees. 2015. P.18). This will bring a tremendous
damage to the environment because the famers must try excessive
application of harmful pesticide or herbicide chemicals. However,
unfortunately, such scenario has become true in America currently. Food &
Water Watch examined the U.S department of agriculture and U.S
environmental protection agency data to report the interdependent
relationship between the herbicide-tolerant GM crops and increasing use of
herbicide (2014).
Moreover, another important environmental risk of GMO is the”
threat to the biodiversity from the genetic transfer from GMO to native
plants species”(Wunderlich, S. and Vecchione, M. 2014. P.449). The first
reason is that the undesirable traits from the wild type crops will no longer
available, and only variety of certain crop with desirable traits is present in
