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QSO645 2014 FIFA World Cup
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Final Project
QSO 645: Project Management for PMP Certification
Southern New Hampshire University, College of Continuing Education
Submitted to: Professor Dr. Jimmie Flores
Edwina L. Trader
January 28, 2018
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Executive Summary
This paper will examine and apply Project Management principles as they relate to the
2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Sustainability Study. The project was designed to measure the
carbon footprint of the World Cup. The project boundaries were defined. The project scope
clarified what would be measured and what would not be measured. The project budget,
management of risks, and procurement processes will be examined.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... i
Project Details ................................................................................................................................. 3
Project Scope .................................................................................................................................. 4
Stakeholders .................................................................................................................................... 5
Project Planning .............................................................................................................................. 6
Budget ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Risks .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Project Control Techniques........................................................................................................... 11
Communication Plan ..................................................................................................................... 13
Resource Management .................................................................................................................. 14
Procurement .................................................................................................................................. 15
Project Management Practices ...................................................................................................... 17
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 18
References ..................................................................................................................................... 19
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Project Details
The 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil Carbon Footprint project was envisioned as an
environmental sustainability study. The goal of the project was to measure Greenhouse Gas
emissions caused by event preparation and staging with a goal of decreasing the negative and
increasing the positive impacts of the events on society and the environment. According to the
United States Environmental Protection Agency, greenhouse gases trap heat and make the planet
warmer. The largest source of these gas emissions come from human activities including
burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat and transportation. Transportation includes cars, trucks,
ships, trains and planes (EPA, 2017).
At the time that the project was organized, there was no standardized methodology for
calculating carbon footprint for major sporting events. Other events where attempt was made at
measurement were deemed too general for this project. The guiding principles for the
methodology included 8 components, including producing a complete report that was relevant,
consistent and accurate; accounting for direct and indirect emissions; as much as possible, report
emissions from all Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases; set the boundaries wide enough to capture
emissions under the operational control/direct influence of FIFA and LOC; clearly define what is
in scope and out of scope for the project; ensure carbon emission factors are relevant to the
location and setting of the event; provide information for GHG emission mitigation design; and,
document uncertainty levels regarding data sources.
The rationale for how the boundaries were set is found in how the event is organized.
The event consists of the Preparation Phase, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup Staging and
the 2014 FIFA World Cup Staging. The Preparation Phase included any activities and events
held in preparation for the 2014 World Cup and the 2013 Confederations Cup. The staging
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for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup phase included 16 matches, a forum and a banquet.
The final phase, the 2014 FIFA World Cup staging included 64 matches, fan fests in Brazil,
International fan fests, a festival, a banquet and several smaller events. The organizational
boundaries were based on equity share and control and included those organizations required
to prepare and stage the event.
After determining the boundaries, the next step was to identify emissions sources and
properly categorize them as direct or indirect emissions. The three types of emissions defined
by the GHG Protocol included scope 1, direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by
the organization; scope 2, emissions from purchased electricity; and, scope 3, emissions from
other indirect sources.
The reporting period for the project included the period beginning July 2011 with the
FWC Preliminary Draw and ending September 2014.
Project Scope
Scope Inclusions/Exclusions and Success Criteria
• Generally speaking, the inclusion criteria had 5 components:
• Direct Consequence of the preparation and staging events for the 2014 FIFA World Cup
• Operational Control means FIFA/LOC was fully authorized to introduce and implement
operating practices and policies for the event
• Procurement and branding requirements determined FIFA/LOC’s Direct Influence, as
well as those areas under their operational control
• Any information that is included or excluded that has any influence on decisions or
actions is considered Material
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• Key stakeholders, public perception, and emissions related to the FIFA/LOC core
operations are deemed to be Relevant
Additional inclusions are FIFA/LOC offices and general logistics, and construction,
operation and demobilization of temporary facilities in support of different events.
Any emissions not under the direct control of FIFA/LOC (outside the boundaries) are
excluded. Other emissions that were excluded were stadium construction, transportation
infrastructure, other construction, unlicensed third-party merchandise, informal local social
gatherings, matches view on tv at home, and post-event emissions and small preparation events.
Any emissions sources that were deemed immaterial were excluded. Non-ticket holders were
excluded because they were considered tourists.
The project sponsor wanted a measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the
staging and preparation events of the 2014 World Cup. The success criteria were met; the
Summary states that the report identified 100% of the anticipated greenhouse gas emissions.
Stakeholders
The main stakeholders are the Federation International Football Association (FIFA) and
the 2014 FIFA World Cup Organizing Committee, Brazil. As the project sponsors they were
tasked with determining the boundaries for the emissions measurements and what events would
be included in the measurements. They exercised control over the project and determined what
was in scope and out. FIFA recorded the carbon footprint at previous events in 2006, 2010 and
2011, but this event was the first step toward them creating a standard framework to be used for
future events. There was no clearly defined impact on FIFA or the Brazilian Organizing
Committee as the project progressed.
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However, there were other stakeholders. People from all over the world attended events
associated with the 2014 FIFA World Cup. For instance, the same people did not necessarily
attend all three of the events that were measured in this project. Additionally, it was specifically
stated that non-ticket holders were not counted as part of the emissions measurements for this
project.
Stakeholders involved in transportation and accommodations for people attending the
events were impacted as the project proceeded due to the sheer volume of people that needed to
be moved from place to place. Additionally, there were several venues that were impacted by
the volume of people.
In terms of staffing, FIFA could certainly draw upon previous experience to determine
the numbers and types of staff they would require. I would recommend that since this study
