1.0 Introduction
Italy, officially the Italian Republic is a European country. Its capital is Rome which has been
the centre of western civilization for many centuries. Its official language is Italian, and its
ethnic group is 91.5% of Italian and 8.5% of other races. Most of the resident in Italy is
Catholic. Hence, there are many churches in Italy.
Italy is poorly resourced, with only hydro, geothermal, natural gas and other mineral
resources such as marble, clay, mercury, sulphur and a small amount of lead, aluminium, zinc
and bauxite. Oil and gas production can only meet a small fraction of domestic market
demand, with 75% of energy supply and major industrial raw materials relying on imports.
The traditionally important renewable energy source in Italy is geothermal and hydroelectric.
Geothermal power is the second largest in the world, and hydropower is the ninth largest
hydropower in the world. Italy has always attached importance to the development of solar
energy. In 2011, Italy was the world’s first PV installed capacity country (accounting for a
quarter of the global share).
Italy is a highly developed capitalist country, one of the four largest economies in
Europe, a founding member of the European Union and NATO, and a member of important
international organizations such as the Schengen Convention, the G8 and the United Nations.