Ahsan Iqbal Discrete Structure 17–CP–58
1
Assignment # 01
Question # 01:
What is the importance of Discrete Structure in Artificial
Intelligence(AI) ? Find the relation of DS with the following Expert System.
1. MYCIN
2. Automatic Theorem Provers
Answer:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is as much a branch of computer science as are its other branches, which
include numerical methods, language theory, programming systems, and hardware systems. While
computational mechanics has benefited from, and closely interacted with, the latter branches of
computer science, the interaction between computational mechanics and AI is still in its infancy.
Artificial intelligence encompasses several distinct areas of research each with its own specific interests,
research techniques, and terminology. These sub-areas include search technologies, knowledge
representation, vision, natural language processing, robotics, machine learning, and others.
A host of ideas and techniques from AI have the potential to impact the practice of mathematical
modelling. Knowledge-based systems and environments can provide representations and associated
problem-solving methods that can be used to encode domain knowledge and domain-specific strategies
for a variety of ill-structured problems in model generation and result interpretation. Advanced AI
programming languages and methodologies can provide high-level mechanisms for implementing
numerical models and solutions, resulting in cleaner, easier to write, and more adaptable computational
mechanics codes. A variety of algorithms for heuristic search, planning, and geometric reasoning can
provide effective and rigorous mechanisms for addressing problems such as shape description and
transformation, and constraint-based model representation. Before discussing the applications of AI in
mathematical modelling, we briefly review knowledge-based expert systems and problem-solving
techniques.
Mathematical Modelling Process:
Ahsan Iqbal Discrete Structure 17–CP–58
1-MY CIN:
MYCIN was an early backward chaining expert system that used artificial intelligence to identify
bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteraemia and meningitis, and to recommend antibiotics,
with the dosage adjusted for patient’s body weight — the name derived from the antibiotics themselves,
as many antibiotics …
MYCIN is a rule based ES using backward chaining. A typical rule is
If stain of organism is gram negative
AND
Morphology is rod
And
is anaerobic
